from abc import ABC, abstractmethod class Shape(ABC): @abstractmethod def area(self): pass class Circle(Shape): def __init__(self, radius): self.radius = radius def area(self): return 3.14 * self.radius * self.radius class Rectangle(Shape): def __init__(self, width, height): self.width = width self.height = height def area(self): return self.width * self.height def calculate_area(shapes): return sum([shape.area() for shape in shapes]) shapes = [Circle(2), Rectangle(2, 4), Circle(4), Rectangle(4, 8)] print(f"Total area: {calculate_area(shapes)}")