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@CMGS
Created May 2, 2012 03:41
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websocket hybi3 support with gunicorn and gevent
import collections
import errno
import re
from hashlib import md5, sha1
import base64
from base64 import b64encode, b64decode
import socket
import struct
import logging
from socket import error as SocketError
from gunicorn.workers.async import ALREADY_HANDLED
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
WS_KEY = "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11"
class WebSocketWSGI(object):
def __init__(self, handler):
self.handler = handler
def verify_client(self, ws):
pass
def _get_key_value(self, key_value):
if not key_value:
return
key_number = int(re.sub("\\D", "", key_value))
spaces = re.subn(" ", "", key_value)[1]
if key_number % spaces != 0:
return
part = key_number / spaces
return part
def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
if not (environ.get('HTTP_CONNECTION').find('Upgrade') != -1 and
environ['HTTP_UPGRADE'].lower() == 'websocket'):
# need to check a few more things here for true compliance
start_response('400 Bad Request', [('Connection','close')])
return []
sock = environ['gunicorn.socket']
version = environ.get('HTTP_SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION')
ws = WebSocket(sock, environ, version)
handshake_reply = ("HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n"
"Upgrade: websocket\r\n"
"Connection: Upgrade\r\n")
key = environ.get('HTTP_SEC_WEBSOCKET_KEY')
if key:
ws_key = base64.b64decode(key)
if len(ws_key) != 16:
start_response('400 Bad Request', [('Connection','close')])
return []
protocols = []
subprotocols = environ.get('HTTP_SEC_WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL')
ws_protocols = []
if subprotocols:
for s in subprotocols.split(','):
s = s.strip()
if s in protocols:
ws_protocols.append(s)
if ws_protocols:
handshake_reply += 'Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: %s\r\n' % ', '.join(ws_protocols)
exts = []
extensions = environ.get('HTTP_SEC_WEBSOCKET_EXTENSIONS')
ws_extensions = []
if extensions:
for ext in extensions.split(','):
ext = ext.strip()
if ext in exts:
ws_extensions.append(ext)
if ws_extensions:
handshake_reply += 'Sec-WebSocket-Extensions: %s\r\n' % ', '.join(ws_extensions)
handshake_reply += (
"Sec-WebSocket-Origin: %s\r\n"
"Sec-WebSocket-Location: ws://%s%s\r\n"
"Sec-WebSocket-Version: %s\r\n"
"Sec-WebSocket-Accept: %s\r\n\r\n"
% (
environ.get('HTTP_ORIGIN'),
environ.get('HTTP_HOST'),
ws.path,
version,
base64.b64encode(sha1(key + WS_KEY).digest())
))
else:
handshake_reply += (
"WebSocket-Origin: %s\r\n"
"WebSocket-Location: ws://%s%s\r\n\r\n" % (
environ.get('HTTP_ORIGIN'),
environ.get('HTTP_HOST'),
ws.path))
sock.sendall(handshake_reply)
try:
self.handler(ws)
except socket.error, e:
if e[0] != errno.EPIPE:
raise
# use this undocumented feature of grainbows to ensure that it
# doesn't barf on the fact that we didn't call start_response
return ALREADY_HANDLED
class WebSocket(object):
"""A websocket object that handles the details of
serialization/deserialization to the socket.
The primary way to interact with a :class:`WebSocket` object is to
call :meth:`send` and :meth:`wait` in order to pass messages back
and forth with the browser. Also available are the following
properties:
path
The path value of the request. This is the same as the WSGI PATH_INFO variable, but more convenient.
protocol
The value of the Websocket-Protocol header.
origin
The value of the 'Origin' header.
environ
The full WSGI environment for this request.
"""
def __init__(self, sock, environ, version=76):
"""
:param socket: The eventlet socket
:type socket: :class:`eventlet.greenio.GreenSocket`
:param environ: The wsgi environment
:param version: The WebSocket spec version to follow (default is 76)
"""
self.socket = sock
self.origin = environ.get('HTTP_ORIGIN')
self.protocol = environ.get('HTTP_WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL')
self.path = environ.get('PATH_INFO')
self.environ = environ
self.version = version
self.websocket_closed = False
self._buf = ""
self._msgs = collections.deque()
#self._sendlock = semaphore.Semaphore()
@staticmethod
def encode_hybi(buf, opcode, base64=False):
""" Encode a HyBi style WebSocket frame.
Optional opcode:
0x0 - continuation
0x1 - text frame (base64 encode buf)
0x2 - binary frame (use raw buf)
0x8 - connection close
0x9 - ping
0xA - pong
"""
if base64:
buf = b64encode(buf)
b1 = 0x80 | (opcode & 0x0f) # FIN + opcode
payload_len = len(buf)
if payload_len <= 125:
header = struct.pack('>BB', b1, payload_len)
elif payload_len > 125 and payload_len < 65536:
header = struct.pack('>BBH', b1, 126, payload_len)
elif payload_len >= 65536:
header = struct.pack('>BBQ', b1, 127, payload_len)
#print("Encoded: %s" % repr(header + buf))
return header + buf, len(header), 0
@staticmethod
def decode_hybi(buf, base64=False):
""" Decode HyBi style WebSocket packets.
Returns:
{'fin' : 0_or_1,
'opcode' : number,
'mask' : 32_bit_number,
'hlen' : header_bytes_number,
'length' : payload_bytes_number,
'payload' : decoded_buffer,
'left' : bytes_left_number,
'close_code' : number,
'close_reason' : string}
"""
f = {'fin' : 0,
'opcode' : 0,
'mask' : 0,
'hlen' : 2,
'length' : 0,
'payload' : None,
'left' : 0,
'close_code' : None,
'close_reason' : None}
blen = len(buf)
f['left'] = blen
if blen < f['hlen']:
return f # Incomplete frame header
b1, b2 = struct.unpack_from(">BB", buf)
f['opcode'] = b1 & 0x0f
f['fin'] = (b1 & 0x80) >> 7
has_mask = (b2 & 0x80) >> 7
f['length'] = b2 & 0x7f
if f['length'] == 126:
f['hlen'] = 4
if blen < f['hlen']:
return f # Incomplete frame header
(f['length'],) = struct.unpack_from('>xxH', buf)
elif f['length'] == 127:
f['hlen'] = 10
if blen < f['hlen']:
return f # Incomplete frame header
(f['length'],) = struct.unpack_from('>xxQ', buf)
full_len = f['hlen'] + has_mask * 4 + f['length']
if blen < full_len: # Incomplete frame
return f # Incomplete frame header
# Number of bytes that are part of the next frame(s)
f['left'] = blen - full_len
# Process 1 frame
if has_mask:
# unmask payload
f['mask'] = buf[f['hlen']:f['hlen']+4]
b = c = ''
if f['length'] >= 4:
data = struct.unpack('<I', buf[f['hlen']:f['hlen']+4])[0]
of1 = f['hlen']+4
b = ''
for i in xrange(0, int(f['length']/4)):
mask = struct.unpack('<I', buf[of1+4*i:of1+4*(i+1)])[0]
b += struct.pack('I', data ^ mask)
if f['length'] % 4:
l = f['length'] % 4
of1 = f['hlen']
of2 = full_len - l
c = ''
for i in range(0, l):
mask = struct.unpack('B', buf[of1 + i])[0]
data = struct.unpack('B', buf[of2 + i])[0]
c += chr(data ^ mask)
f['payload'] = b + c
else:
print("Unmasked frame: %s" % repr(buf))
f['payload'] = buf[(f['hlen'] + has_mask * 4):full_len]
if base64 and f['opcode'] in [1, 2]:
try:
f['payload'] = b64decode(f['payload'])
except:
print("Exception while b64decoding buffer: %s" %
repr(buf))
raise
if f['opcode'] == 0x08:
if f['length'] >= 2:
f['close_code'] = struct.unpack_from(">H", f['payload'])
if f['length'] > 3:
f['close_reason'] = f['payload'][2:]
return f
@staticmethod
def _pack_message(message):
"""Pack the message inside ``00`` and ``FF``
As per the dataframing section (5.3) for the websocket spec
"""
if isinstance(message, unicode):
message = message.encode('utf-8')
elif not isinstance(message, str):
message = str(message)
packed = "\x00%s\xFF" % message
return packed
def _parse_messages(self):
""" Parses for messages in the buffer *buf*. It is assumed that
the buffer contains the start character for a message, but that it
may contain only part of the rest of the message.
Returns an array of messages, and the buffer remainder that
didn't contain any full messages."""
msgs = []
end_idx = 0
buf = self._buf
while buf:
if self.version in ['7', '8', '13']:
frame = self.decode_hybi(buf, base64=False)
#print("Received buf: %s, frame: %s" % (repr(buf), frame))
if frame['payload'] == None:
break
else:
if frame['opcode'] == 0x8: # connection close
self.websocket_closed = True
break
#elif frame['opcode'] == 0x1:
else:
msgs.append(frame['payload']);
#msgs.append(frame['payload'].decode('utf-8', 'replace'));
#buf = buf[-frame['left']:]
if frame['left']:
buf = buf[-frame['left']:]
else:
buf = ''
else:
frame_type = ord(buf[0])
if frame_type == 0:
# Normal message.
end_idx = buf.find("\xFF")
if end_idx == -1: #pragma NO COVER
break
msgs.append(buf[1:end_idx].decode('utf-8', 'replace'))
buf = buf[end_idx+1:]
elif frame_type == 255:
# Closing handshake.
assert ord(buf[1]) == 0, "Unexpected closing handshake: %r" % buf
self.websocket_closed = True
break
else:
raise ValueError("Don't understand how to parse this type of message: %r" % buf)
self._buf = buf
return msgs
def send(self, message):
"""Send a message to the browser.
*message* should be convertable to a string; unicode objects should be
encodable as utf-8. Raises socket.error with errno of 32
(broken pipe) if the socket has already been closed by the client."""
if self.version in ['7', '8', '13']:
packed, lenhead, lentail = self.encode_hybi(message, opcode=0x01, base64=False)
else:
packed = self._pack_message(message)
# if two greenthreads are trying to send at the same time
# on the same socket, sendlock prevents interleaving and corruption
#self._sendlock.acquire()
try:
self.socket.sendall(packed)
finally:
pass
#self._sendlock.release()
def wait(self):
"""Waits for and deserializes messages.
Returns a single message; the oldest not yet processed. If the client
has already closed the connection, returns None. This is different
from normal socket behavior because the empty string is a valid
websocket message."""
while not self._msgs:
# Websocket might be closed already.
if self.websocket_closed:
return None
# no parsed messages, must mean buf needs more data
delta = self.socket.recv(8096)
if delta == '':
return None
self._buf += delta
msgs = self._parse_messages()
self._msgs.extend(msgs)
return self._msgs.popleft()
def _send_closing_frame(self, ignore_send_errors=False):
"""Sends the closing frame to the client, if required."""
if self.version in ['7', '8', '13'] and not self.websocket_closed:
msg = ''
#if code != None:
# msg = struct.pack(">H%ds" % (len(reason)), code)
buf, h, t = self.encode_hybi(msg, opcode=0x08, base64=False)
self.socket.sendall(buf)
self.websocket_closed = True
elif self.version == 76 and not self.websocket_closed:
try:
self.socket.sendall("\xff\x00")
except SocketError:
# Sometimes, like when the remote side cuts off the connection,
# we don't care about this.
if not ignore_send_errors: #pragma NO COVER
raise
self.websocket_closed = True
def close(self):
"""Forcibly close the websocket; generally it is preferable to
return from the handler method."""
self._send_closing_frame()
self.socket.shutdown(True)
self.socket.close()
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