main.cpp

// classes example
// g++ -static-libgcc -static-libstdc++ main.cpp -o main.exe
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using namespace std;


class Object {
    public:
        virtual string toString()=0;
        virtual int toInt()=0;
        virtual Object* add(Object* other)=0;
};

class Int : public Object {
    int val;
    public:
        static Int* create(int val) {
            Int *ret = new Int(val);
            return ret;
        }
        Int(int in_val) {
            val = in_val;
        }
        string toString() {
            return std::to_string(val);
        }
        int toInt() {
            return val;
        }
        Object* add(Object* other) {
            int other_val = other->toInt();
            return new Int(this->val + other_val);
        }
};

class String : public Object {
    string val;

    public: 
        static String* create(string val) {
            String* ret = new String(val);
            return ret;
        }
        String(string in_val) {
            val = in_val;
        }
        string toString() {
            return val;
        }
        int toInt() {
            throw "cant cast string to int";
        }
        Object* add(Object* other) {
            return new String(val + (other->toString()));
        }
};

class Stack {
    std::map<string,Object*> objects;
    Stack* parent = NULL;

    public:
        ~Stack() {
            std::map<string, Object*>::iterator it = objects.begin();

            while (it != objects.end())
            {
                cout << "freeing " << it->first << '\n';
                Object* object = it->second;
                delete object;
                it++;
            }
        }

        Object* set(string name, Object* object) {
            if( objects.count(name) > 0) {
                delete objects[name];
            }
            objects[name] = object;

            return object;
        }
        Object* get(string name) {
            if( objects.count(name) == 0) {
                if( parent != NULL ) {
                    return parent->get(name);
                } else {
                    throw "no such object " + name;
                }
            }
            return objects[name];
        }
};


int main () {
    try {
        // Object* a = Int::create(2);
        // Object* b = String::create("hello");
        // Object* c = Int::create(5);
        // Object* d = a->add(c);
        // Object* e = b->add(a)->add(c)->add(d);
        // cout << "a->toString() " << a->toString() << '\n';
        // cout << "b->toString() " << b->toString() << '\n';
        // cout << "c->toString() " << c->toString() << '\n';
        // cout << "d->toString() " << d->toString() << '\n';
        // cout << "e->toString() " << e->toString() << '\n';

         Stack stack;

         stack.set("i", Int::create(2));
         stack.set("2", Int::create(1));

         cout << "result " << stack.get("i")->add(stack.get("2"))->toString() << '\n';
    } catch (const char *msg) {
        cout << "errored with " << msg;
    } 
    return 0;
}