app6.py

import pandas as pd

from bokeh.io import show
from bokeh.layouts import column
from bokeh.models import ColumnDataSource, CustomJS
from bokeh.models import Select
from bokeh.models.tools import HoverTool
from bokeh.plotting import figure, curdoc

df = pd.DataFrame({'2007': [10, 20, 30, 40],
                   '2008': [90, 60, 70, 40],
                   '2009': [30, 60, 70, 10],
                   '2010': [80, 50, 30, 10]},
                  index=[0, 0.5, 1, 1.5])
                  
ds = ColumnDataSource(df)
p = figure(toolbar_location="above", x_axis_type="linear")
p.add_tools(HoverTool(tooltips=[("y", "@index")]))

line_renderer = p.line('2007', 'index', source=ds)

def handler(value, old, new):
    print('value:', value, 'old:', old, 'new:', new)
    print(ds.data[new])
    line_renderer.glyph.x = ds.data[new]

#handler = CustomJS(args=dict(line_renderer=line_renderer), code="""
#   line_renderer.glyph.x = {field: cb_obj.value};
#""")

select = Select(title="df-column:", options=list(df.columns))
#select.js_on_change('value', handler)
select.on_change('value', handler)



curdoc().add_root(column(select, p))

Thanks to @eugene on SO I updated the code to a working version:

select and update pandas dataframe columns in bokeh plot

• Python Callback

import pandas as pd

from bokeh.io import show
from bokeh.layouts import column
from bokeh.models import ColumnDataSource, CustomJS
from bokeh.models import Select
from bokeh.models.tools import HoverTool
from bokeh.plotting import figure, curdoc

df = pd.DataFrame({'2007': [10, 20, 30, 40],
                   '2008': [90, 60, 70, 40],
                   '2009': [30, 60, 70, 10],
                   '2010': [80, 50, 30, 10]},
                  index=[0, 0.5, 1, 1.5])
                  
ds = ColumnDataSource(df)
p = figure(toolbar_location="above", x_axis_type="linear")
p.add_tools(HoverTool(tooltips=[("y", "@index")]))

line_renderer = p.line('2007', 'index', source=ds)

def handler(value, old, new):
    line_renderer.glyph.x = dict(field=new)

    
select = Select(title="df-column:", options=list(df.columns))
select.on_change('value', handler)

curdoc().add_root(column(select, p))

• JS Callback

import pandas as pd

from bokeh.io import show
from bokeh.layouts import column
from bokeh.models import ColumnDataSource, CustomJS
from bokeh.models import Select
from bokeh.models.tools import HoverTool
from bokeh.plotting import figure, curdoc

df = pd.DataFrame({'2007': [10, 20, 30, 40],
                   '2008': [90, 60, 70, 40],
                   '2009': [30, 60, 70, 10],
                   '2010': [80, 50, 30, 10]},
                  index=[0, 0.5, 1, 1.5])
ds = ColumnDataSource(df)
p = figure(toolbar_location="above", x_axis_type="linear")
p.add_tools(HoverTool(tooltips=[("y", "@index")]))

line_renderer = p.line('2007', 'index', source=ds)

handler = CustomJS(args=dict(line_renderer=line_renderer), code="""
   line_renderer.glyph.x = {field: cb_obj.value};
""")

select = Select(title="df-column:", options=list(df.columns))
select.js_on_change('value', handler)

curdoc().add_root(column(select, p))