Skip to content

Instantly share code, notes, and snippets.

@BeanBagKing
Last active April 2, 2023 05:54
Show Gist options
  • Save BeanBagKing/aa81fa62b2d40e1598e0677a5585aace to your computer and use it in GitHub Desktop.
Save BeanBagKing/aa81fa62b2d40e1598e0677a5585aace to your computer and use it in GitHub Desktop.
Returns an English letter frequency score for command line logs.
#!/usr/bin/python3
# Article reference: https://nullsec.us/finding-unusual-powershell-with-frequency-analysis/
import urllib
import httplib2
from xml.dom import minidom
import math
baseurl = 'https://<domain>.splunkcloud.com:8089'
userName = '<username>'
password = '<password>'
output = 'csv' #options are: raw, csv, xml, json, json_cols, json_rows
# If you are using "table" in your search result, you must(?) use "csv"
longest = 0
average = 0
averageEntropy = 0
largestEntropy = 0
averageEngFreq = 0
count = 1
searchSet = []
englishLetterFreq = {'E': 12.70, 'T': 9.06, 'A': 8.17, 'O': 7.51, 'I': 6.97, 'N': 6.75, 'S': 6.33, 'H': 6.09, 'R': 5.99, 'D': 4.25, 'L': 4.03, 'C': 2.78, 'U': 2.76, 'M': 2.41, 'W': 2.36, 'F': 2.23, 'G': 2.02, 'Y': 1.97, 'P': 1.93, 'B': 1.29, 'V': 0.98, 'K': 0.77, 'J': 0.15, 'X': 0.15, 'Q': 0.10, 'Z': 0.07}
ETAOIN = 'ETAOINSHRDLCUMWFGYPBVKJXQZ'
LETTERS = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
# The below was trained on ~1.1 commands from a 24 hour period, for testing purposes currently
#englishLetterFreq = {'E': 12.07, 'S': 7.93, 'O': 6.69, 'T': 6.41, 'I': 6.08, 'N': 6.02, 'R': 5.98, 'C': 5.94, 'A': 5.92, 'F': 5.68, 'M': 4.74, 'P': 3.54, 'D': 3.42, 'L': 3.09, 'W': 2.85, 'G': 2.71, 'X': 2.56, 'H': 1.62, 'V': 1.58, 'B': 1.36, 'Y': 1.34, 'U': 1.18, 'K': 0.68, 'Q': 0.4, 'J': 0.15, 'Z': 0.03}
#ETAOIN = 'ESOTINRCAFMPDLWGXHVBYUKQJZ'
searchQuery = '(index=wineventlog EventCode=4688 Process_Command_Line="*") OR (index=wineventlog EventCode=1 CommandLine="*") earliest=-1d latest=now | eval Commands=coalesce(CommandLine,Process_Command_Line) | table Commands'
try:
serverContent = httplib2.Http(disable_ssl_certificate_validation=True).request(baseurl + '/services/auth/login','POST', headers={}, body=urllib.parse.urlencode({'username':userName, 'password':password}))[1]
except:
print("error in retrieving login.")
try:
sessionKey = minidom.parseString(serverContent).getElementsByTagName('sessionKey')[0].childNodes[0].nodeValue
except:
print("error in retrieving sessionKey")
print(minidom.parseString(serverContent).toprettyxml(encoding='UTF-8'))
# Remove leading and trailing whitespace from the search
searchQuery = searchQuery.strip()
# If the query doesn't already start with the 'search' operator or another
# generating command (e.g. "| inputcsv"), then prepend "search " to it.
if not (searchQuery.startswith('search') or searchQuery.startswith("|")):
searchQuery = 'search ' + searchQuery
print(searchQuery) # Just for reference
print("----- RESULTS BELOW -----")
# Run the search.
searchResults = httplib2.Http(disable_ssl_certificate_validation=True).request(baseurl + '/services/search/jobs/export?output_mode='+output,'POST',headers={'Authorization': 'Splunk %s' % sessionKey},body=urllib.parse.urlencode({'search': searchQuery}))[1]
searchResults = searchResults.decode('utf-8')
for result in searchResults.splitlines():
searchSet.append(result)
print("Org Set Len: " + str(len(searchSet)))
searchSet = sorted(set(searchSet))
print("New Set Len: " + str(len(searchSet)))
def entropy(string):
# get probability of chars in string
prob = [ float(string.count(c)) / len(string) for c in dict.fromkeys(list(string)) ]
# calculate the entropy
entropy = - sum([ p * math.log(p) / math.log(2.0) for p in prob ])
return entropy
def getLetterCount(message):
# Returns a dictionary with keys of single letters and values of the
# count of how many times they appear in the message parameter.
letterCount = {'A': 0, 'B': 0, 'C': 0, 'D': 0, 'E': 0, 'F': 0, 'G': 0, 'H': 0, 'I': 0, 'J': 0, 'K': 0, 'L': 0, 'M': 0, 'N': 0, 'O': 0, 'P': 0, 'Q': 0, 'R': 0, 'S': 0, 'T': 0, 'U': 0, 'V': 0, 'W': 0, 'X': 0, 'Y': 0, 'Z': 0}
for letter in message.upper():
if letter in LETTERS:
letterCount[letter] += 1
return letterCount
def getItemAtIndexZero(x):
return x[0]
def getFrequencyOrder(message):
# Returns a string of the alphabet letters arranged in order of most
# frequently occurring in the message parameter.
# first, get a dictionary of each letter and its frequency count
letterToFreq = getLetterCount(message)
# second, make a dictionary of each frequency count to each letter(s)
# with that frequency
freqToLetter = {}
for letter in LETTERS:
if letterToFreq[letter] not in freqToLetter:
freqToLetter[letterToFreq[letter]] = [letter]
else:
freqToLetter[letterToFreq[letter]].append(letter)
# third, put each list of letters in reverse "ETAOIN" order, and then
# convert it to a string
for freq in freqToLetter:
freqToLetter[freq].sort(key=ETAOIN.find, reverse=True)
freqToLetter[freq] = ''.join(freqToLetter[freq])
# fourth, convert the freqToLetter dictionary to a list of tuple
# pairs (key, value), then sort them
freqPairs = list(freqToLetter.items())
freqPairs.sort(key=getItemAtIndexZero, reverse=True)
# fifth, now that the letters are ordered by frequency, extract all
# the letters for the final string
freqOrder = []
for freqPair in freqPairs:
freqOrder.append(freqPair[1])
return ''.join(freqOrder)
def englishFreqMatchScore(message):
# Return the number of matches that the string in the message
# parameter has when its letter frequency is compared to English
# letter frequency. A "match" is how many of its six most frequent
# and six least frequent letters is among the six most frequent and
# six least frequent letters for English.
freqOrder = getFrequencyOrder(message)
matchScore = 0
# Find how many matches for the six most common letters there are.
for commonLetter in ETAOIN[:6]:
if commonLetter in freqOrder[:6]:
matchScore += 1
# Find how many matches for the six least common letters there are.
for uncommonLetter in ETAOIN[-6:]:
if uncommonLetter in freqOrder[-6:]:
matchScore += 1
return matchScore
exclusions = [" --mgmtConnKey "] # Use this to exclude items
for event in searchSet:
if len(str(event)) >= 1: # We did have some that were 0 somehow
average = average + len(str(event))
averageEntropy = averageEntropy + entropy(str(event))
averageEngFreq = averageEngFreq + englishFreqMatchScore(event)
count = count+1
if len(str(event)) > longest:
longest = len(str(event))
if entropy(str(event)) > largestEntropy:
largestEntropy = entropy(str(event))
if len(str(event)) > 300 and englishFreqMatchScore(event) <= 5: # Only show us matches that are of sufficent length
res = [ele for ele in exclusions if(ele in str(event))] # Test for list of exclusions
if bool(res) == False:
print(str(event))
print(str(englishFreqMatchScore(event)))
print(entropy(str(event)))
print("-------------------------------------------------")
average = average / count
averageEntropy = averageEntropy / count
averageEngFreq = averageEngFreq / count
print("average freq: "+str(averageEngFreq))
print("average ent: "+str(averageEntropy))
print("largest ent: "+str(largestEntropy))
print("average: "+str(average))
print("count: "+str(count))
print("longest: "+str(longest))
Sign up for free to join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment