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# Example animations using matplotlib's FuncAnimation | |
# Ken Hughes. 18 June 2016. | |
# For more detail, see | |
# https://brushingupscience.wordpress.com/2016/06/21/matplotlib-animations-the-easy-way/ | |
# Examples include | |
# - line plot | |
# - pcolor plot | |
# - scatter plot | |
# - contour plot | |
# - quiver plot | |
# - plot with changing labels | |
import numpy as np | |
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt | |
from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation | |
# Use matplotlib ggplot stylesheet if available | |
try: | |
plt.style.use('ggplot') | |
except: | |
pass | |
# Set which type of animation will be plotted. One of: | |
# line, pcolor, scatter, contour, quiver, labels | |
animation_type = 'line' | |
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
# Create data to plot. F is 2D array. G is 3D array | |
# Create a two-dimensional array of data: F(x, t) | |
x = np.linspace(-3, 3, 91) | |
t = np.linspace(0, 25, 30) | |
X2, T2 = np.meshgrid(x, t) | |
sinT2 = np.sin(2*np.pi*T2/T2.max()) | |
F = 0.9*sinT2*np.sinc(X2*(1 + sinT2)) | |
# Create three-dimensional array of data G(x, z, t) | |
x = np.linspace(-3, 3, 91) | |
t = np.linspace(0, 25, 30) | |
y = np.linspace(-3, 3, 91) | |
X3, Y3, T3 = np.meshgrid(x, y, t) | |
sinT3 = np.sin(2*np.pi*T3 / | |
T3.max(axis=2)[..., np.newaxis]) | |
G = (X3**2 + Y3**2)*sinT3 | |
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
# Set up the figure and axis | |
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(4, 3)) | |
if animation_type not in ['line', 'scatter']: | |
ax.set_aspect('equal') | |
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
if animation_type == 'line': | |
ax.set(xlim=(-3, 3), ylim=(-1, 1)) | |
line = ax.plot(x, F[0, :], color='k', lw=2)[0] | |
def animate(i): | |
line.set_ydata(F[i, :]) | |
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
if animation_type == 'pcolor': | |
cax = ax.pcolormesh(x, y, G[:-1, :-1, 0], vmin=-1, vmax=1, cmap='Blues') | |
fig.colorbar(cax) | |
def animate(i): | |
cax.set_array(G[:-1, :-1, i].flatten()) | |
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
if animation_type == 'scatter': | |
ax.set(xlim=(-3, 3), ylim=(-1, 1)) | |
scat = ax.scatter(x[::3], F[0, ::3]) | |
def animate(i): | |
# Must pass scat.set_offsets an N x 2 array | |
y_i = F[i, ::3] | |
scat.set_offsets(np.c_[x[::3], y_i]) | |
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
if animation_type == 'contour': | |
# Keyword options used in every call to contour | |
contour_opts = {'levels': np.linspace(-9, 9, 10), 'cmap':'RdBu', 'lw': 2} | |
cax = ax.contour(x, y, G[..., 0], **contour_opts) | |
def animate(i): | |
ax.collections = [] | |
ax.contour(x, y, G[..., i], **contour_opts) | |
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
if animation_type == 'quiver': | |
ax.set(xlim=(-4, 4), ylim=(-4, 4)) | |
# Plot every 20th arrow | |
step = 15 | |
x_q, y_q = x[::step], y[::step] | |
# Create U and V vectors to plot | |
U = G[::step, ::step, :-1].copy() | |
V = np.roll(U, shift=4, axis=2) | |
qax = ax.quiver(x_q, y_q, U[..., 0], V[..., 0], scale=100) | |
def animate(i): | |
qax.set_UVC(U[..., i], V[..., i]) | |
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
if animation_type == 'labels': | |
ax.set(xlim=(-1, 1), ylim=(-1, 1)) | |
string_to_type = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123' | |
label = ax.text(0, 0, string_to_type[0], | |
ha='center', va='center', | |
fontsize=12) | |
def animate(i): | |
label.set_text(string_to_type[:i+1]) | |
ax.set_ylabel('Time (s): ' + str(i/10)) | |
ax.set_title('Frame ' + str(i)) | |
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
# Save the animation | |
anim = FuncAnimation(fig, animate, interval=100, frames=len(t)-1, repeat=True) | |
fig.show() | |
# anim.save(animation_type + '.gif', writer='imagemagick') |
@engsk As the error message states, you're trying to show something that can't be shown given your choice of backend. Your choice of the inline backend is something for generating static images like a PNG file. You need to use something else like Agg, Qt5Agg, or notebook. It'll depend on your set up.
Also, put the matplotlib.use statement at the top.
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Thanks for the wonderful tutorial!
I tried pcolor. This is my code:
I got this error:
Do you have an idea on how to fix this?