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@naholyr
Created December 13, 2012 09:39
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Sample /etc/init.d script

Sample service script for debianoids

Look at LSB init scripts for more information.

Usage

Copy to /etc/init.d:

# replace "$YOUR_SERVICE_NAME" with your service's name (whenever it's not enough obvious)
cp "service.sh" "/etc/init.d/$YOUR_SERVICE_NAME"
chmod +x /etc/init.d/$YOUR_SERVICE_NAME

Edit the script and replace following tokens:

  • <NAME> = $YOUR_SERVICE_NAME
  • <DESCRIPTION> = Describe your service here (be concise)
  • Feel free to modify the LSB header, I've made default choices you may not agree with
  • <COMMAND> = Command to start your server (for example /home/myuser/.dropbox-dist/dropboxd)
  • <USER> = Login of the system user the script should be run as (for example myuser)

Start and test your service:

service $YOUR_SERVICE_NAME start
service $YOUR_SERVICE_NAME stop

Install service to be run at boot-time:

update-rc.d $YOUR_SERVICE_NAME defaults

Enjoy

Uninstall

The service can uninstall itself with service $NAME uninstall. Yes, that's very easy, therefore a bit dangerous. But as it's an auto-generated script, you can bring it back very easily. I use it for tests and often install/uninstall, that's why I've put that here.

Don't want it? Remove lines 56-58 of the service's script.

Logs?

Your service will log its output to /var/log/$NAME.log. Don't forget to setup a logrotate :)

I'm noob and/or lazy

Yep, I'm lazy too. But still, I've written a script to automate this :)

wget 'https://raw.github.com/gist/4275302/new-service.sh' && bash new-service.sh

In this script I will download service.sh into a tempfile, replace some tokens, and then show you commands you should run as superuser.

If you feel confident enough with my script, you can sudo the script directly:

wget 'https://raw.github.com/gist/4275302/new-service.sh' && sudo bash new-service.sh

Note: the cool hipsterish curl $URL | bash won't work here, I don't really want to check why.

Demo

Creating the service:

service-create

Looking at service files (logs, pid):

service-files

Uninstalling service:

service-uninstall

#!/bin/bash
SERVICE_FILE=$(tempfile)
echo "--- Download template ---"
wget -q -O "$SERVICE_FILE" 'https://raw.github.com/gist/4275302/service.sh'
chmod +x "$SERVICE_FILE"
echo ""
echo "--- Customize ---"
echo "I'll now ask you some information to customize script"
echo "Press Ctrl+C anytime to abort."
echo "Empty values are not accepted."
echo ""
prompt_token() {
local VAL=""
while [ "$VAL" = "" ]; do
echo -n "${2:-$1} : "
read VAL
if [ "$VAL" = "" ]; then
echo "Please provide a value"
fi
done
VAL=$(printf '%q' "$VAL")
eval $1=$VAL
sed -i "s/<$1>/$(printf '%q' "$VAL")/g" $SERVICE_FILE
}
prompt_token 'NAME' 'Service name'
if [ -f "/etc/init.d/$NAME" ]; then
echo "Error: service '$NAME' already exists"
exit 1
fi
prompt_token 'DESCRIPTION' ' Description'
prompt_token 'COMMAND' ' Command'
prompt_token 'USERNAME' ' User'
if ! id -u "$USERNAME" &> /dev/null; then
echo "Error: user '$USERNAME' not found"
exit 1
fi
echo ""
echo "--- Installation ---"
if [ ! -w /etc/init.d ]; then
echo "You don't gave me enough permissions to install service myself."
echo "That's smart, always be really cautious with third-party shell scripts!"
echo "You should now type those commands as superuser to install and run your service:"
echo ""
echo " mv \"$SERVICE_FILE\" \"/etc/init.d/$NAME\""
echo " touch \"/var/log/$NAME.log\" && chown \"$USERNAME\" \"/var/log/$NAME.log\""
echo " update-rc.d \"$NAME\" defaults"
echo " service \"$NAME\" start"
else
echo "1. mv \"$SERVICE_FILE\" \"/etc/init.d/$NAME\""
mv -v "$SERVICE_FILE" "/etc/init.d/$NAME"
echo "2. touch \"/var/log/$NAME.log\" && chown \"$USERNAME\" \"/var/log/$NAME.log\""
touch "/var/log/$NAME.log" && chown "$USERNAME" "/var/log/$NAME.log"
echo "3. update-rc.d \"$NAME\" defaults"
update-rc.d "$NAME" defaults
echo "4. service \"$NAME\" start"
service "$NAME" start
fi
echo ""
echo "---Uninstall instructions ---"
echo "The service can uninstall itself:"
echo " service \"$NAME\" uninstall"
echo "It will simply run update-rc.d -f \"$NAME\" remove && rm -f \"/etc/init.d/$NAME\""
echo ""
echo "--- Terminated ---"
#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: <NAME>
# Required-Start: $local_fs $network $named $time $syslog
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $named $time $syslog
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Description: <DESCRIPTION>
### END INIT INFO
SCRIPT=<COMMAND>
RUNAS=<USERNAME>
PIDFILE=/var/run/<NAME>.pid
LOGFILE=/var/log/<NAME>.log
start() {
if [ -f /var/run/$PIDNAME ] && kill -0 $(cat /var/run/$PIDNAME); then
echo 'Service already running' >&2
return 1
fi
echo 'Starting service…' >&2
local CMD="$SCRIPT &> \"$LOGFILE\" & echo \$!"
su -c "$CMD" $RUNAS > "$PIDFILE"
echo 'Service started' >&2
}
stop() {
if [ ! -f "$PIDFILE" ] || ! kill -0 $(cat "$PIDFILE"); then
echo 'Service not running' >&2
return 1
fi
echo 'Stopping service…' >&2
kill -15 $(cat "$PIDFILE") && rm -f "$PIDFILE"
echo 'Service stopped' >&2
}
uninstall() {
echo -n "Are you really sure you want to uninstall this service? That cannot be undone. [yes|No] "
local SURE
read SURE
if [ "$SURE" = "yes" ]; then
stop
rm -f "$PIDFILE"
echo "Notice: log file is not be removed: '$LOGFILE'" >&2
update-rc.d -f <NAME> remove
rm -fv "$0"
fi
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
uninstall)
uninstall
;;
retart)
stop
start
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|uninstall}"
esac
@jserpapinto
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jserpapinto commented May 28, 2018

@deseven do you have a better script template? please share if you do..

@deseven
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deseven commented Jul 4, 2018

@johnyserpa this one looks fine for me.

@Nindouja
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For running smth in the background (like runing a nohup java -jar ... commandyou'll have to add the usual & at the end of the actual command run which is su -c "$CMD" $RUNAS > "$PIDFILE". It is useless and certainly not work to add the & at the end of the SCRIPT variable.

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