Existentials considered harmful

ExistentialsConsideredHarmful.scala

object ExistentialsConsideredHarmful {
  class Animal(val name: String)
  object Dog extends Animal("Dog")
  object Sheep extends Animal("Sheep")

  trait Tools[A] {
    def shave(a: A): A
  }
  def tools[A](a: A): Tools[A] = null // dummy
  case class TransportBox[A <: Animal](animal: A, tools: Tools[A]) {
    def label: String = animal.name
  }

  // 1.
  def carry(box: TransportBox[_]): Unit = {
    println(box.animal.name+" got carried away")
  }

  val aBox =
    if (math.random < 0.5)
      TransportBox(Dog, tools(Dog))
    else
      TransportBox(Sheep, tools(Sheep))

  // 2.
  aBox.tools.shave(aBox.animal)

  abstract class BoxCarrier[R <: Animal](box: TransportBox[R]) {
    def speed: Int

    def talkToAnimal: Unit = println("The carrier says hello to "+box.animal.name)
  }

  // 3.
  new BoxCarrier(aBox) {
    def speed: Int = 12
  }
}