motor.c

// Demo program for stepper motor control with linear ramps
// Hardware: PIC18F252, L6219
#include "18F252.h"

// PIC18F252 SFRs
#byte TRISC   = 0xf94
#byte T3CON   = 0xfb1
#byte CCP2CON = 0xfba
#byte CCPR2L  = 0xfbb
#byte CCPR2H  = 0xfbc
#byte CCP1CON = 0xfbd
#byte CCPR1L  = 0xfbe
#byte CCPR1H  = 0xfbf
#byte T1CON   = 0xfcd
#byte TMR1L   = 0xfce
#byte TMR1H   = 0xfcf
#bit  TMR1ON  = T1CON.0

// 1st step=50ms; max speed=120rpm (based on 1MHz timer, 1.8deg steps)
#define C0    50000
#define C_MIN  2500

// ramp state-machine states
#define ramp_idle 0
#define ramp_up   1
#define ramp_max  2
#define ramp_down 3
#define ramp_last 4

// Types: int8,int16,int32=8,16,32bit integers, unsigned by default
int8  ramp_sts=ramp_idle;
signed int16 motor_pos = 0; // absolute step number
signed int16 pos_inc=0;     // motor_pos increment
int16 phase=0;    // ccpPhase[phase_ix]  
int8  phase_ix=0; // index to ccpPhase[]  
int8  phase_inc;  // phase_ix increment
int8  run_flg;    // true while motor is running
int16 ccpr;       // copy of CCPR1&2
int16 c;          // integer delay count
int16 step_no;    // progress of move
int16 step_down;  // start of down-ramp
int16 move;       // total steps to move
int16 midpt;      // midpoint of move
int32 c32;        // 24.8 fixed point delay count
signed int16 denom; // 4.n+1 in ramp algo

// Config data to make CCP1&2 generate quadrature sequence on PHASE pins
// Action on CCP match: 8=set+irq; 9=clear+irq
int16 const ccpPhase[] = {0x909, 0x908, 0x808, 0x809}; // 00,01,11,10

void current_on(){/* code as needed */}  // motor drive current
void current_off(){/* code as needed */} // reduce to holding value

// compiler-specific ISR declaration
#INT_CCP1
void isr_motor_step() 
{ // CCP1 match -> step pulse + IRQ
  ccpr += c; // next comparator value: add step delay count
  switch (ramp_sts)
  {
  case ramp_up:   // accel
    if (step_no==midpt)
    { // midpoint: decel
      ramp_sts = ramp_down;
      denom = ((step_no - move)<<2)+1;
      if (!(move & 1)) 
      { // even move: repeat last delay before decel
        denom +=4;
        break;
      }
    }
    // no break: share code for ramp algo
  case ramp_down: // decel
    if (step_no == move-1)
    { // next irq is cleanup (no step)
      ramp_sts = ramp_last;
      break;
    }
    denom+=4;
    c32 -= (c32<<1)/denom; // ramp algorithm
    // beware confict with foreground code if long div not reentrant
    c = (c32+128)>>8; // round 24.8format->int16
    if (c <= C_MIN)
    { // go to constant speed
      ramp_sts = ramp_max;
      step_down = move - step_no;
      c = C_MIN;
      break;
    }
    break;
  case ramp_max: // constant speed
    if (step_no == step_down)
    { // start decel
      ramp_sts = ramp_down;
      denom = ((step_no - move)<<2)+5;
    }
    break;
  default: // last step: cleanup
    ramp_sts = ramp_idle;
    current_off(); // reduce motor current to holding value
    disable_interrupts(INT_CCP1);
    run_flg = FALSE; // move complete
    break;
  } // switch (ramp_sts)
  if (ramp_sts!=ramp_idle)
  {
    motor_pos += pos_inc;
    ++step_no;
    CCPR2H = CCPR1H = (ccpr >> 8); // timer value at next CCP match
    CCPR2L = CCPR1L = (ccpr & 0xff);
    if (ramp_sts!=ramp_last) // else repeat last action: no step
	    phase_ix = (phase_ix + phase_inc) & 3;
    phase = ccpPhase[phase_ix];
    CCP1CON = phase & 0xff; // set CCP action on next match
    CCP2CON = phase >> 8;
  } // if (ramp_sts != ramp_idle)
} // isr_motor_step()


void motor_run(short pos_new)
{ // set up to drive motor to pos_new (absolute step#)
  if (pos_new < motor_pos) // get direction & #steps
  {
    move = motor_pos-pos_new;
    pos_inc   = -1;
    phase_inc = 0xff;
  } 
  else if (pos_new != motor_pos)
  { 
    move = pos_new-motor_pos;
    pos_inc   = 1;
    phase_inc = 1;
  }
  else return; // already there
  midpt = (move-1)>>1;
  c   = C0;
  c32 = c<<8; // keep c in 24.8 fixed-point format for ramp calcs
  step_no  = 0; // step counter
  denom    = 1; // 4.n+1, n=0
  ramp_sts = ramp_up; // start ramp state-machine
  run_flg  = TRUE;
  TMR1ON   = 0; // stop timer1;
  ccpr = make16(TMR1H,TMR1L);  // 16bit value of Timer1
  ccpr += 1000; // 1st step + irq 1ms after timer1 restart
  CCPR2H = CCPR1H = (ccpr >> 8);
  CCPR2L = CCPR1L = (ccpr & 0xff);
  phase_ix = (phase_ix + phase_inc) & 3;
  phase = ccpPhase[phase_ix];
  CCP1CON = phase & 0xff; // sets action on match
  CCP2CON = phase >> 8;
  current_on(); // current in motor windings
  enable_interrupts(INT_CCP1); 
  TMR1ON=1; // restart timer1;
} // motor_run()


void initialize()
{
  disable_interrupts(GLOBAL);
  disable_interrupts(INT_CCP1);
  disable_interrupts(INT_CCP2);
  output_c(0);
  set_tris_c(0);
  T3CON = 0;
  T1CON = 0x35;
  enable_interrupts(GLOBAL);
} // initialize()

void main()
{
	initialize();
	while (1)
	{ // repeat 5 revs forward & back
  	motor_run(1000);
  	while (run_flg);
  	motor_run(0);
  	while (run_flg);
	}
} // main()
// end of file motor.c