scala language / published by https://github.com/dacr/code-examples-manager #84200162-6102-4e5c-9ade-19296bc405f8/e0006e4b4e8bfb9005437f4fd6c9ba9667cfe8a3

scala-basics.sc

// summary : scala language
// keywords : scala, learning, @testable
// publish : gist
// authors : David Crosson
// license : Apache NON-AI License Version 2.0 (https://raw.githubusercontent.com/non-ai-licenses/non-ai-licenses/main/NON-AI-APACHE2)
// id : 84200162-6102-4e5c-9ade-19296bc405f8
// created-on : 2020-05-31T19:54:52Z
// managed-by : https://github.com/dacr/code-examples-manager
// run-with : scala-cli $file

// ---------------------
//> using scala  "3.3.0"
//> using dep "org.scalatest::scalatest:3.2.16"
//> using objectWrapper
// ---------------------

import org.scalatest._, wordspec._, matchers._, OptionValues._
import java.util.Locale

class ScalaLanguageBasicsTest extends AnyWordSpec with should.Matchers {
  override def suiteName: String = "Scala Language Basics"

  "scala language" must {
    // ===================================================
    "List" can {
      // -------------------------------------------------
      "be empty" in {
        List().isEmpty shouldBe true
      }
      // -------------------------------------------------
      "be initialized" in {
        List(1, 2, 3, 4).size shouldBe 4
      }
      // -------------------------------------------------
      "provide a set of standard useful operations" in {
        val list = List(4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2, 2)
        list.size shouldBe 7
        list.head shouldBe 4
        list.tail shouldBe List(1, 3, 1, 5, 2, 2)
        list.last shouldBe 2
        intercept[Exception] {
          List.empty[Int].last shouldBe 1
        }
        List.empty[Int].lastOption shouldBe None
        List.empty[Int].lastOption shouldBe None
        list.init shouldBe List(4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2)
        list.take(2) shouldBe List(4, 1)
        list.drop(4) shouldBe List(5, 2, 2)
        list.distinct shouldBe List(4, 1, 3, 5, 2)
        list.sorted shouldBe List(1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5)
        list.reverse shouldBe List(2, 2, 5, 1, 3, 1, 4)
      }
      // -------------------------------------------------
      "be filtered, queried and checked" in {
        val list = List(4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2, 2)
        list.exists(_ == 5) shouldBe true
        list.count(_ % 3 == 0) shouldBe 1
        list.contains(5) shouldBe true
        list.find(_ == 3) shouldBe Some(3)
        list.find(_ == 42) shouldBe None
        list.filter(_ < 3) shouldBe List(1, 1, 2, 2)
        list.filterNot(_ == 2) shouldBe List(4, 1, 3, 1, 5)
        list.forall(_ % 2 == 0) shouldBe false
        list.min shouldBe 1
        list.max shouldBe 5
        list.sum shouldBe 18
        list.reduce(_ + _) shouldBe 18
        intercept[Exception] {
          List.empty[Int].min shouldBe 0
        }
        List.empty[Int].minOption shouldBe None
        List.empty[Int].maxOption shouldBe None
        List.empty[Int].sum shouldBe 0
      }
      // -------------------------------------------------
      "be transformed" in {
        val list = List(4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2, 2)
        list.map(_ + 1) shouldBe List(5, 2, 4, 2, 6, 3, 3)
      }
      // -------------------------------------------------
      "comparable each other" in {
        List(1, 2, 3) == List(1, 2, 3) shouldBe true
        List(1, 2, 3) != List(1, 2, 4) shouldBe true
        List(1, 2, List(3, 4)) == List(1, 2, List(3, 4)) shouldBe true
        List(1, 2, List(3, 4)) != List(1, 2, List(3, 5)) shouldBe true
      }
      // -------------------------------------------------
      "be map/reduce" in {
        List(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12)
          .filter(_ % 2 == 0)
          .map(_ + 1d)
          .reduce(_ + _) shouldBe 48d
      }
    }
    // ===================================================
    "Arrays" can {
      info("Arrays are collections as any others but with some issues...")
      info("There's no dedicated syntax")
      // -------------------------------------------------
      "be created in a simple way" in {
        Array(1, 2, 3)
      }
      // -------------------------------------------------
      "have some issues unfortunately with equalities" in {
        info("All collection are deeply compared, but arrays have issues")
        List(1, 2, 3) == List(1, 2, 3) shouldBe true
        intercept[Exception] {
          Array(1, 2, 3) == Array(1, 2, 3) shouldBe true
        }
        info("But with the triple equal, === it is correctly checked")
        List(1, 2, 3) === List(1, 2, 3) shouldBe true
        List(1, 2, 3) === List(1, 2, 4) shouldBe false
        Array(1, 2, 3) === Array(1, 2, 3) shouldBe true
        Array(1, 2, 3) === Array(1, 2, 4) shouldBe false
        Array(1, 2, 3) === Array(1, 2, 3L) shouldBe true
        Array(1, 2, Array(3, 4)) === Array(1, 2, Array(3, 4)) shouldBe true
        Array(1, 2, List(3, 4)) === Array(1, 2, List(3, 5)) shouldBe false
        (Array(1, 2, List(3, 4)) !== Array(1, 2, List(3, 5))) shouldBe true // ???
        (Array(1, 2, Array(3, 4)) !== Array(1, 2, Array(3, 5))) shouldBe true
      }
    }
    // ===================================================
    "Strings" can {
      // -------------------------------------------------
      "provide useful utilities methods" in {
        "TRUC".toLowerCase shouldBe "truc"
        "truc".toUpperCase shouldBe "TRUC"
        "truc".capitalize shouldBe "Truc"
        "truc".endsWith("uc") shouldBe true
        "truc".contains("ru") shouldBe true
        "truc".startsWith("tr") shouldBe true
        "truc".equalsIgnoreCase("TRUC") shouldBe true
        "truc".matches(".*uc") shouldBe true
        "1 2 3".split(" ") shouldBe Array("1", "2", "3")
      }
      // -------------------------------------------------
      "equals and == are the same" in {
        ("truc" == new String("truc")) shouldBe true
      }
      // -------------------------------------------------
      "be defined using multiple lines" in {
        info("With stripMargin method you can even keep the right code indentation")
        val res =
          """line1
            |line2""".stripMargin
        "line1\nline2" should be equals res
        "line1\nline2" shouldEqual res
        String("line1\nline2") should be(res)
      }
      // -------------------------------------------------
      "support basic string interpolations" in {
        val age = 32
        s"Sarah is $age years old" shouldBe "Sarah is 32 years old"
        s"Sarah is ${age + 1} years old" shouldBe "Sarah is 33 years old"
      }
      // -------------------------------------------------
      "support basic printf like interpolations" in {
        val name = "joe"
        f"[$name%7s]" shouldBe "[    joe]"
        f"[$name%-7s]" shouldBe "[joe    ]"
      }
      // -------------------------------------------------
      "support basic printf like interpolations with locale changes" in {
        Locale.setDefault(Locale.US) // TODO - find better alternative
        val price = 32.54351
        f"The price is $price%.1f dollar" shouldBe "The price is 32.5 dollar"
      }
      // -------------------------------------------------
      "support basic raw strings" in {
        val x = 2
        raw"x=$x\nsameline" shouldBe """x=2\nsameline"""
        raw"x=$x\nsameline" shouldBe "x=2\\nsameline"
      }
    }
    // ===================================================
    "Regexps" can {
      // -------------------------------------------------
      "match strings" in {
        val reg = "(?i)john .*".r
        ("John Doe" match {case reg() => true}) shouldBe true
        reg.matches("John Doe") shouldBe true
      }
      // -------------------------------------------------
      "extract sub string" in {
        val reg = """(?i)john\s+(.*)""".r
        ("John Doe" match {case reg(lastName) => lastName}) shouldBe "Doe"
      }
      // -------------------------------------------------
      "extract sub strings" in {
        val reg = """(?i)john\s+(.*)""".r
        List("john Doe", "john chose")
          .collect{case reg(lastName)=>lastName} shouldBe List("Doe", "chose")
      }
    }
    // ===================================================
    "Currying" can {
      "support in lambda" in  {
        val f = (x:Int) => (y:Int) => (z:Int) => x+y+z
        // -------------
        f(1)
        f(1)(2)
        f(1)(2)(3)
      }
      "support in function" in {
        def f(x:Int)(y:Int)(z:Int):Int = x+y+z
        // -------------
        f(1)(_:Int)(_:Int) // mandatory at lest up to scala 2.13
        f(1)(2)(_)
        f(1)(2)(3)
      }
    }
  }
}


org.scalatest.tools.Runner.main(Array("-oDF", "-s", classOf[ScalaLanguageBasicsTest].getName))