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Борисова Л.В. Интерпретация текста
1. Различение смыслов и содержаний
Кухаренко В. А. - Интерпретация текста (1988)
Автоматическая выдача свидетельства о публикации в официальном СМИ сразу после добавления материала на сайт - Бесплатно. ФГКОУ НСВУ МВД России. Цикл гуманитарных и математических дисциплин. Introduction to the Interpretation of Fiction. Introduction to the interpretation of fiction: Учебно - методическое пособие. ФГКОУ НСВУ МВД России, г. Предлагаемое пособие адресовано обучающимся ФГКОУ НСВУ МВД России 1, 2 и 3 курсов и предназначено для самостоятельного изучения теоретического материала и формирования необходимых практических умений по интерпретации иноязычного художественного текста. Пособие также снабжено рядом заданий для самостоятельной работы обучающихся. Методическое пособие обсуждено и одобрено на заседании цикла гуманитарных и математических дисциплин. Notes on stylistic devices……………………………………………………….. Useful phrases for interpretation………………………………………………. Example of interpretation of fiction…………………………………………… Интерпретация художественного текста описывает реализацию системы языка в определенных речевых сферах, то есть целые развернутые тексты на английском языке. Интерпретация текста обращается в первую очередь к истолкованию общего смысла произведения через анализ его фонетических, грамматических, лексических и стилистических особенностей. Учитывая то, что наибольшие трудности вызывает интерпретация литературно-художественного текста, основное внимание уделяется структуре и методике анализа художественных произведений. Содержание данного методического пособия представлено одним модулем, состоящим из трех частей теоретической, практической и контролирующей. Целью данного модуля является формирование умений самостоятельной интерпретации художественного текста, а также повышение культурного и информационного уровня обучающихся. Теоретическая часть содержит информационный материал, необходимые понятия, которые необходимы для освоения начального представления о таком сложном понятии как интерпретация художественного текста. Практическая часть содержит ряд упражнений. Контролирующая часть содержит тестовые задания для самоконтроля. Пособие снабжено списком рекомендуемой литературы для самостоятельного изучения обучающимися. We read fiction to experience new ideas and feelings this or that text inspires within us. Of course, each of us has different expectations from fiction. As well as it causes different feelings and emotions. Stories have deep, unstated meaning. We respond to both — the story and an underlying message. Interpretation is always subjective as it is you who experience everything while reading fiction. It will always be based on your beliefs, values, interests and desires. Thus, interpretation is a very creative and interesting task. But bear in mind one important thing! The biggest mistake you can make is simply retell the plot of the text. It is not what you are expected to do while writing an interpretation. So, here is the scheme that will help you not to miss any significant part of your future interpretation: Give a few words about the author name, country of birth, main works. Set the scene give a short summary of the text. Speak about the main characters. Define the form of speech and the mood of the text. Give an analysis of the text content, expressive means, stylistic devices. Well, start by reading the given text. They will help you to build the shell of a plan for your future analysis. Have you understood everything? If your answer is positive then try to create in your mind the whole picture, highlighting the main characters of the story. But do not forget about the minor ones! They deserve your attention too! After it, put down a simple scheme where you mention the main idea of the text which is a core meaning of the text or an extract. It may take you a several times of careful reading before you really grasp the idea. Worry you not skill comes with time and training. Also, bear in mind that an idea should represent the entire piece of the text. In general, you can divide your analysis into three parts. Devote the first one to the introduction, in which you present the brief information about the author of the text and tell the setting in a nutshell. Then speak about the central characters, paying your attention to the traits which seem the most revealing to you, they should give a clear understanding of a person. After it is done, state the relationships between the main characters, mind the details. Now it is the high time to formulate the main idea! Good lad, now tie it up with the beginning of your analysis. Tell whether it has a description, a dialogue, or perhaps an inner monologue. Now, every text must have a conclusion. Sum up everything you have come to during your hard work. Perhaps you have learnt something new? Or found out something interesting? What would you do if you were the character of the story? Share your thoughts and emotions with everyone! Notes on stylistic devices. There are four main groups of stylistic devices: Alliteration аллитерация — is the repetition of similar consonant sounds in close succession, particularly at the beginning of successive words. Deep into the darkness peering, long and stood there wondering fearing,. Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortals ever dared to dream before. Assonance гармония , созвучие — a phonetic stylistic device; it is the agreement of vowel sounds sometimes combined with likeness in consonants. Onomatopoeia звукоподражание — is a combination of speech-sounds which aims at imitating sounds produced in nature;. There are two varieties of onomatopoeia: Rhyme рифма — is the repetition of identical or similar terminal sound combination of words. Metaphor метафора — is a figure of speech that identifies something as being the same as some unrelated thing for rhetorical effect that, usually, provides clarity; thus, the implied conceptual relationship rhetorically highlights the, at times difficult to conceive, similarities between two ideas. And all the men and women merely players;. They have their exits and their entrances[ Metonymy метонимия — is the substitution of one word for another with which it is associated. The hall applauded; the marble spoke; the kettle is boiling. Synecdoche синекдоха — is a form of metonymy: Epithet эпитет —is a descriptive literary device that describes a place, a thing or a person in such a way that it helps in making the characteristics of a person, thing or place more prominent than they actually are. Heart-burning smile; wild winds; fantastic terrors; voiceless sands; deep feelings; sleepless bay. Sweet sorrow; pleasantly ugly face; deafening silence; horribly beautiful. She broke his car and his heart. Allusion аллюзия — is reference to a famous historical, literary, mythological, biblical or everyday life character or event, commonly known. As a rule no indication of the source is given. Antonomasia антономазия — is intended to point out the leading, most characteristic features of a person or of event. It categorizes the person and simultaneously indicates both the general and the particular. Repetition повтор — is used when the speaker is under the stress of strong emotions. It shows the state of mind of the speaker. Ignorant of how Soams watched her, ignorant of her reckless desperation, ignorant of all this. Epiphora эпифора — is the repetition at the end of a phrase. I am exactly the man to be placed in a superior position in such a case as that. I am above the rest of mankind, in such a case as that. I can act with philosophy in such a case as that. Anadiplosis подхват — the last word or phrase of one part of the utterance is repeated at the beginning of the next part. This compositional pattern is also called chain-repetition: A smile would come into Mr. Chiasmus хиазм — is based on the repetition of a syntactical pattern, but it has a cross order of words and phases. In peace sons bury their fathers,. But in war fathers bury their sons. Down dropped the breeze,. The sails dropped down. Parallel construction параллельныеконструкции — may be encountered not so much in the sentence as in the macro-structures. The necessary condition in parallel construction is identical, or similar, syntactical structure in two or more sentences or parts of a sentence in close succession. Asyndeton бессоюзие — is a deliberate omission of connectives between parts of sentences where they are generally expected to be according to the norms of the language. Soams turned away; he had an utter disinclination to talk. Polysyndeton многосоюзие — is the stylistic device of connecting sentences or phrases or words by using connectives before each component. Should you ask me, whence these stories? Whence these legends and traditions,. With the odours of the forest,. With the dew, and damp of meadows,. With the curling smoke of wigwams…. Inversion инверсия — aims at making one of the members of the sentence more conspicuous, more important, more emphatic. Micawber has; capital Mr. Over and over he was asking himself: Simile сравнение — is a figure of speech in which the subject is compared to another subject. By means of the comparison the objects are characterized. The formal elements of a simile are like, as, as if, as though, such as, seem, etc. She seemed nothing more than a doll. Faithful as a dog; to work as a horse; stubborn as a mule. Climax кульминация — is the arrangement of sentences which secures a gradual increase in significance, importance or emotional tension in the utterance. The gradual increase in significance may be maintained in three ways: Emotional climax is mainly found in sentences. It was a lovely city, a beautiful city, a fair city, a veritable gem of a city. Antithesis противопоставление — is a stylistic opposition, setting thing one against the other. In order to characterize a thing or phenomenon from a specific point of view, it may be necessary to find points of sharp contrast. A saint abroad, and a devil at home. Litotes литота — is a peculiar use of negative construction: It is a deliberate understatement used to produce a stylistic effect. Litotes is not a pure negation, but a negation that includes affirmation. It is not bad. Is a good thing. He is no coward. He is a brave man. Euphemism эвфемизм — is a word or a phrase used to replace an unpleasant word or expression. Hyperbole гипербола — is a deliberate overstatement or exaggeration of a phenomenon or an object. He was so tall that I could not see his face. Periphrasis перифраз — as stylistic device is a new, genuine nomination of an object. Stylistic periphrasis can be divided into logical and figurative. Figurative periphrasis is based either on metaphor or on metonymy. To tie the knot to marry , the punctual servant of all work the sun. Understatement преуменьшение — is a figure of speech which intentionally understates something or implies that it is less in significance, size, than it really is. He was a pretty good football player. Sally is rather clever. Useful phrases for interpretation. The following set phrases will help you to build up your vocabulary and make your speech more vivid. The plot of the extract centresaround…. The extract may be divided into three logical parts…. The author conveys his attitude towards the characters through…. The use of Past Tenses renders a narrative character. In conclusion the author says that the story ends with…. The concluding words are…They suggest…. Example of interpretation of fiction. It is a very interesting story written by Jerome K. He is one of the popular and well-known English authors. He is famous for writing essays, short stories, and novels. Especially, he is famous for his special humour, all his stories are based on that sparkling manner of writing. The story "Three men in the boat" by Jerome K. Jerome presents that three men with a dog stayed at the village. The action centers after their decision to stay at one of the ship-like islands for a night. Then, they decided to make a supper, using all the ingredients and remains of food they have. Text is divided into four sections. The climax of the story is episode when dog brings a water-rat and friends decided whether they will put it in the Irish stew or not. The main character of the story is George. George is leader, he makes decisions and his friends follow him. Through the story I noticed: George is very economical. Actually, this phrase from the text may also show the idea: There was something so fresh and piquant about it. Here was a dish with a taste like nothing else on earth. The mood in the story is rather emotional and ironic, realistic. In some parts its cheerful, in some — quite and restful, lyrical for example in describing nature. Tonality in the story is very enthusiastic, rather bright and emotional. As for the choice of words, in this text author uses more bookish words, than colloquial. In the beginning, in the description of Sonning author uses bookish words to create the mood for example: He also uses colloquial words in the description of cooking process get rid of, etc. Choice of vocabulary tells us about the characters of the story. The story is full of funny comic situations, and he uses these stylistic devices to make them brighter. These devices help reader to understand the main idea of the text better. All in all, the text presents that you can do something good even if you are not sure, you must try something new. As for my impression, after reading this story I realized, that before having something one should make it. So, I guess Jerome K. Jerome gives a wise lesson to his readers. I recommend this interesting story to everyone. Read the extract and do the tasks: The lamplight struggled out through the fog, and Hallward looked at his watch. In fact, I was on my way to the club to look for you, when I met you. All I have with me is in this bag, and I can easily get to Victoria in twenty minutes. Dorian looked at him and smiled. A Gladstone bag and an ulster! Come in, or the fog will get into the house. Nothing is serious nowadays. At least nothing should be. Hallward shook his head, as he entered, and followed Dorian into the library. There was a bright wood fire blazing in the large open hearth. The lamps were lit, and an open Dutch silver spirit-case stood, with some siphons of soda-water and large cut-glass tumblers, on a little marqueterie table. He gave me everything I wanted, including your best gold-tipped cigarettes. He is a most hospitable creature. I like him much better than the Frenchman you used to have. What has become of the Frenchman, by the bye? Dorian shrugged his shoulders. Anglomania is very fashionable over there now, I hear. I never liked him, but I had nothing to complain about. One often imagines things that are quite absurd. He was really very devoted to me and seemed quite sorry when he went away. Or would you like hock-and-seltzer? I always take hock-and-seltzer myself. There is sure to be some in the next room. You make it so much more difficult for me. Read and translate the stylistic devices. Speak about the effect they produce. Every child must be taught these principles. Every citizen must uphold them. And every immigrant, by embracing these ideals, makes our country more, not less, American. I have spread my dreams under your feet. I fear and hope, I burn and freeze like ice,. Define the stylistic devices. I have told you a thousand times. The White House declared…. She wore gold around her neck. Sarah liked his devil-may-care attitude towards life. Last time it was a nice, simple, European-style war. Some people have much to live on, and little to live for. The School of Scandal. He took leave and his hat. Up go the windows. Are these the remedies for a starving…? He was so tall I was not sure he had a face. She was not without knowledge. Why is the interpretation a creative task? What are the essential rules for writing the interpretation? What is the role of stylistic devices in interpreting the text? What groups of stylistic devices do you know? What is the phonetic analysis aimed at? What is the lexical analysis aimed at? What is the grammar analysis aimed at? Choose the right answer. Interpretation of fiction is: Expressive means are language forms: Which of the following words are neutral? Which of the following words belong to the colloquial style? What is the form of the following extract? Circle the correct answer. They mean so little. The face of London was strangely altered. I know the world and the world knows me. She had that kind of face which was not completely unpretty. Choose the right answer: Circle the correct answer: Стилистика современного английского языка. An introduction to linguistics poetics. 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Абдюшева Introduction to the interpretation of fiction: Give a few words about the author name, country of birth, main works Set the scene give a short summary of the text. Phonetic Lexical Syntactical Lexico-syntactical Phonetic stylistic devices 1. Deep into the darkness peering, long and stood there wondering fearing, Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortals ever dared to dream before. Onomatopoeia звукоподражание — is a combination of speech-sounds which aims at imitating sounds produced in nature; by things machines or tools, etc. Syntactical stylistic devices 1. In peace sons bury their fathers, But in war fathers bury their sons. Down dropped the breeze, The sails dropped down. Whence these legends and traditions, With the odours of the forest, With the dew, and damp of meadows, With the curling smoke of wigwams… 9. Lexico-syntactical stylistic devices 1. Is a good thing He is no coward. He is a brave man 5. The plot of the extract centresaround… 6. The extract may be divided into three logical parts… 7. The author conveys his attitude towards the characters through… In conclusion the author says that the story ends with… The White House declared… 4. Testing part Check yourself. Учитель английского языка Учитель биологии Учитель географии Учитель информатики Учитель испанского языка Учитель истории Учитель китайского языка Учитель математики Учитель мировой художественной культуры Учитель начальных классов Учитель немецкого языка Учитель обществознания Учитель основ безопасности жизнедеятельности Учитель основ религиозных культур и светской этики Учитель русского языка и литературы Учитель физики Учитель физической культуры Учитель французского языка Учитель химии Воспитатель детей дошкольного возраста Главный бухгалтер образовательного учреждения Менеджер образования Методист образовательной организации Педагог дополнительного образования детей и взрослых Педагог по обучению лиц с ограниченными возможностями здоровья Педагог среднего профессионального образования Педагог-библиотекарь Педагог-воспитатель группы продлённого дня Педагог-организатор Педагого-психолог Преподаватель бухгалтерского учета Преподаватель высшей школы Преподаватель маркетинга Преподаватель права Преподаватель экологии Преподаватель экономики Социальный педагог Специалист в области воспитания Специалист в области охраны труда Специалист в сфере закупок Специалист по безопасности и антитеррористической защищенности объектов территорий образовательной организации Специалист по организации и предоставлению туристских услуг Специалист по организационному и документационному обеспечению управления организацией Специалист по управлению персоналом и оформлению трудовых отношений Обучение проходит дистанционно на сайте проекта "Инфоурок". 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