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Министерство образования российской федерации
Петрова О.В. Введение в теорию и практику перевода
Введение в Теорию и Практику Перевода (1)
Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета Нижегородского государственного лингвистического университета. Введение в теорию и практику перевода на материале английского языка: Учебное пособие - Н. Добролюбова, — 84 с. Пособие может использоваться как при проведении семинаров по курсам теории и практики перевода, так и при самостоятельной работе студентов. Цель пособия — дать студентам представление об общих принципах перевода, познакомить их с приемами и способами решения типичных лексических и грамматических проблем при переводе с английского языка на русский, а также сформировать у студентов навыки использования этих приемов. При составлении упражнений частично использованы материалы, подобранные Н. Translation is a process and the result of turning a text from one language into another, which means expressing the same by the signs of a different language. Bearing in mind that every sign has two planes plane of expression and plane of content the essence of translation could be described as changing the elements of the plane of expression while the plane of content remains constant. One of the main difficulties of translating lies in the fact that the meaning of the whole text is not exhausted by the sum of meanings of its elements. The meaning of a text is made up by words characterized by their denotative and connotative meanings and stylistic reference , syntactic meaning of sentences and utterances larger than sentences, suprasegmental elements and lexico-semantic connections between words and phrases. Every language is characterized by a specific structure of its lexico-grammatical fields and has its own lexical, morphological and syntactic systems. It may result in lack of coincidence between the means of expressing the same content in SL source language and TL target language. That is why good practical knowledge of the two languages is quite necessary but not sufficient for translating. Besides this knowledge one must possess a number of skills and be guided by a number of principles worked out by the theory of translation. These principles are connected both with linguistic and extralinguistic aspects. While translating one must keep in view typological characteristics of both the languages and remember that the same idea may be expressed lexically in one of them and grammatically in the other. To illustrate this let us compare the ways of expressing priority in English and in Russian. The actor, Gilbert Caster, who had been "out" for six months, emerged from his east-coast seaside lodging about noon in the day, after the opening of "Shooting the Rapids", on tour, in which he was playing Dr Dominick in the last act. Now that he was playing Dr Dominick he was no longer "out". In Russian, however, it is impossible to render this idea using grammatical means only. The phrase "он был без работы" does not contain any indications to priority of this state. Hence the necessity of introducing additional lexical units conveying the meaning of the English grammatical form:. Besides purely linguistic difficulties, translation involves a great number of problems caused by numerous extralinguistic factors. The content of any text is based upon extralinguistic reality, the text itself reflects the cultural background of the author and of the whole people speaking the language, it also reflects the history of the people, their habits and traditions, a peculiar national way of thinking, etc. All these things should necessarily be taken into consideration in order to translate the text adequately. One must know much more than the lexical meaning of the words to translate the following:. I looked at him doubtfully. Prohibition was in force and to all appearance the ship was bone-dry. First of all it is necessary to know that the formula "What will you have? Besides one should know what "Prohibition" is meant here the eighteenth amendment to the US Constitution not to translate it as "запрет". Only in this case there may appear a correct version:. Я посмотрел на него с недоверием: It is also most essential to remember that nations speaking different languages have different experience, and things naturally known to one nation are quite unknown to another. To see it one may try to translate into English the title of the film "Петровка, 38", making it as informative for the Englishmen as it is for us because we know perfectly well what office is situated there. One of the main demands upon a person translating any text is that he should be well acquainted with its subject matter. It certainly requires some knowledge of physics to decide if the word "power" in a particular context means "сила" or "мощность", which is not the same thing. This type of translation with all its seeming accuracy ignores both linguistic and extralinguistic factors discussed above. It leads to preserving the meanings of separate words and at the same time it distorts the meaning of the whole text or sentence , thus often creates an undesirable comic effect. The reader is sure to be surprised at such a sentence:. These are the main principles one should follow in the process of translating. FAQ Обратная связь Вопросы и предложения. Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Нижегородский государственный лингвистический университет им. Литвин Орловский государственный университет , доктор филологических наук, профессор А. Лаврова Нижегородский государственный технический университет. Ивашкин Нижегородский государственный лингвистический университет им. Петрова, Isbn general principles of translation Translation is a process and the result of turning a text from one language into another, which means expressing the same by the signs of a different language. Hence the necessity of introducing additional lexical units conveying the meaning of the English grammatical form: Актер Гилберт Кейстер, который перед этим шесть месяцев был без работы, One must know much more than the lexical meaning of the words to translate the following: Maugham First of all it is necessary to know that the formula "What will you have? Only in this case there may appear a correct version: The reader is sure to be surprised at such a sentence:
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