ChuckleQu

# Introduction
# Day 1 - 30DaysOfPython Challenge

print(2 + 3)   # addition(+)
print(3 - 1)   # subtraction(-)
print(2 * 3)   # multiplication(*)
print(3 / 2)   # division(/)
print(3 ** 2)  # exponential(**)
print(3 % 2)   # modulus(%)
print(3 // 2)  # Floor division operator(//)

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# Casting（转换）：将一种数据类型转换为另一种数据类型

# int to float
num_int = 10
print('num_int:', num_int)            # 10
num_float = float(num_int)
print('num_float:', num_float)        # 10.0

# float to int
gravity = 9.81

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# Arithmetic Operators in Python
# Integers

print('Division without remainder', 7 // 2)    # Gives without floating number or without the remainder
print('Modulus', 3 % 2)                        # Gives the remainder
print('Exponentiation:', 3 ** 2)               # it mean 3^2

print('Mutiplying complex numbers:', (1+1j) * (1-1j))

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# The most common escape characters:
# \n: new line
# \t: Tab (means 8 spaces)
# \\: Back slash （反斜杠，slash：斜杠）
# \': Single quote (')
# \": Double quote (")

print('I hope everyone is enjoying the Python Challenge.\nAre you ?')    # \n: line break（换行符）

print('Days\tTopics\tExercises')

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# 1
# method 1
lst = []
# method 2
lst = list()

# 2
lst = ['Beijing', 'Shanghai', 'Guangzhou', 'Shenzhen', 'Hangzhou']

# 3

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# 1
# method 1
empty_tuple = ()
print(empty_tuple)
# method 2
empty_tuple = tuple()
print(empty_tuple)

# 2 & 3
sisters = ('Alice', 'Cici')

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# sets
it_companies = {'Facebook', 'Google', 'Microsoft', 'Apple', 'IBM', 'Oracle', 'Amazon'}
A = {19, 22, 24, 20, 25, 26}
B = {19, 22, 20, 25, 26, 24, 28, 27}
age = [22, 19, 24, 25, 26, 24, 25, 24]

# 1
print(len(it_companies))

# 2

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# A dictionary is a collection of unordered, modifiable(mutable) paired (key: value) data type.
# Creating a Dictionary
# To create a dictionary we use curly brackets, {}.
# syntax
empty_dict = {}
# Dictionary with data values
dct = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2', 'key3': 'value3', 'key4': 'value4'}
person = {
    'first_name': 'Fangyu',
    'last_name': 'Qu',

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# If Condition
# In python and other programming languages,
# the key word if we use to check if a condition is true and to execute the block code.
# Remember the indentation (缩进) after the colon (冒号).
# syntax
# if condition:
#     this part of code runs for true conditions
a = 3
if a > 0:
    print('A is a positive number')

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# 1
n = 0
while n <= 10:
    print(n)
    n += 1

# 2
print()
n = 10
while n >= 0: