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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE policyconfig PUBLIC "-//freedesktop//DTD PolicyKit Policy Configuration 1.0//EN" "http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/PolicyKit/1/policyconfig.dtd">
<policyconfig>
    <vendor>Apache Friends</vendor>
    <vendor_url>https://www.apachefriends.org/index.html</vendor_url>
	<icon_name>xampp</icon_name>

	<action id="com.ubuntu.pkexec.xampp.policy">
        <description>Run XAMPP Control Panel</description>
		<message>Authentication is required to run the XAMP Control Panel</message>

JQL

Linux Partitions - new file system

1.	Create a Partition Table.

2.	Create a Boot Partition at the beginning of the Drive (not necessary for an SSD or modern BIOS but good practice so you don't forget when on a "spinning rust drive"):
	a.	Use Ext2 file system (no journaling):
	b.	Mount Point: /boot
	c.	Make the size: >=512MB
	d.	Primary Partition and "Beginning of this space"

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Basic Terminal Commands

A run through of some of the basic Terminal commands. Remember Linux is case sensitive so "hello" is not the same as "Hello".

You may be used to using the term "Folder". The terms Directory and Folder are interchangable.

COMMANDS & LINKS:

	CTRL + ALT + T		: Launch Terminal
	whoami			: Who you are logged in as

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The "ls Command

How to list files in Terminal

COMMANDS & LINKS:

	ls        : list current directory
	ls -l     : list current directory using the "long" format
	ls -a     : list all the files, including hidden files, in the current directory
	ls -al    : list all the files, including hidden files, in the current directory using the "long" format

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File Commands

Some terminal file commands.

## __Warning__: The rm command removes files and directories. using the wrong switches with the rm command can delete the WHOLE of your Linux system! Always double check the command when using rm.

COMMANDS & LINKS:

	mkdir stuff		: Make a directory called stuff
	rm -r stuff		: Remove the directory called stuff

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CHMOD

Changing permissions in a Linux Terminal

COMMANDS & LINKS:

	chmod o+w stuff		: give "others" write access to the file "stuff"
	chmod o-w stuff		: remove write access for "others" from "stuff"
	chmod a-x stuff		: remove exucutable permissions from "stuff"
	

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SUDO

An introduction to Super User (sudo) on Linux.

COMMANDS & LINKS:

	sudo				 	: Super User do, run the command with Super User permissions.
	cat stuff			 	: Display the contents of stuff in terminal
	sudo cat /proc/cpuinfo > ~/stuff	: copy the contents of /proc/cpuinfo into ~/stuff
	sudo chown john:john stuff		: Change the ownership of a file or directory to user: john and group: john

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Enabling password feedback in Terminal

When you run a command with sudo in Linux, the terminal prompts you to type in your password and doesn't give you any visual feedback. Here is a quick tweak that will display asterisks (*) when you type in your password.

IMPORTANT: Only make the change shown below. DO NOT make any other changes to the file.

	In Terminal, run the command:
		sudo visudo
		
	Find the line (use the up or down arrow keys on your keyboard):

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Updates and Upgrades

How to keep your Linux system up to date.

COMMANDS & LINKS:

	sudo apt-get update	: Update the packages on your Linux system
	sudo apt-get upgrade	: Apply the updates
	sudo apt-get autoremove	: Remove out of date and obsolete packages
	

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Tweaking Linux Packages

The Linux Package system and the Linux Mint package manager recommended "Tweak".

How to setup the Package Manager

COMMANDS & LINKS:

	Synaptic Package Manager:
		Click Menu button - Administration - Synaptic Package Manager