labs7.ipynb

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    "<center>\n",
    "<h1>Introduction to Computer Science<br>\n",
    "    Labs 07 Homework</h1> \n",
    "By Jakub Koralewski\n",
    "</center>"
   ]
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       "<center><table>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "<tr><th>Building  </th><th style=\"text-align: right;\">  Hosts</th></tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "<tr><td>Amsterdam </td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">   1024</td></tr>\n",
       "<tr><td>Berlin    </td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">   4012</td></tr>\n",
       "<tr><td>Kiev      </td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">    230</td></tr>\n",
       "<tr><td>Poznan    </td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">    214</td></tr>\n",
       "<tr><td>Praga     </td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">    714</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table></center>"
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   "source": [
    "# Visualizes table of buildings\n",
    "import ipaddress\n",
    "from IPython.display import HTML, display\n",
    "import tabulate\n",
    "\n",
    "original = ipaddress.ip_network(\"8.56.32.0/19\")\n",
    "\n",
    "buildings = {\n",
    "    \"Amsterdam\": 1024,\n",
    "    \"Berlin\": 4012,\n",
    "    \"Kiev\": 230,\n",
    "    \"Poznan\": 214,\n",
    "    \"Praga\": 714\n",
    "}\n",
    "display(HTML(\"<center>\" + tabulate.tabulate(buildings.items(), headers=[\"Building\", \"Hosts\"], tablefmt='html')+\"</center>\"))"
   ]
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    "<center>\n",
    "We require 5 subnetworks each with minimum 4012 hosts.<br>\n",
    "<br>\n",
    "We can add 3 additional bits as it is the minimum \n",
    "number of bits that will allow us to create 5 subnetworks: <br>\n",
    "$ 2^2 = 4 $ <br>\n",
    "$ 2^3 = 8 $ \n",
    "</center>"
   ]
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       "interactive(children=(IntSlider(value=3, description='New bits', max=13), Output()), _dom_classes=('widget-int…"
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   "source": [
    "# Shows hosts vs subnetworks distribution as default mask changes\n",
    "from ipywidgets import interactive, widgets, fixed\n",
    "\n",
    "new = None\n",
    "num_hosts = 0\n",
    "\n",
    "def mask(x):\n",
    "    return '.'.join(map(lambda x: bin(x)[2:].zfill(8), x))\n",
    "def interact_mask(x, should_print=True):\n",
    "    global new\n",
    "    global num_hosts\n",
    "    new_subnets = list(original.subnets(x))\n",
    "    new = new_subnets[0]\n",
    "    num_hosts = len(list(new.hosts()))\n",
    "    if should_print:\n",
    "        print(f\"Original mask: {mask(original.netmask.packed)}\")\n",
    "        print(f\"New mask:      {mask(new.netmask.packed)}\\n\")\n",
    "        print(f\"Number of networks:  {len(new_subnets)}\")\n",
    "        print(f\"Number of addresses: {new.num_addresses}\")\n",
    "        print(f\"Number of actual hosts: {num_hosts}\")\n",
    "    return new_subnets\n",
    "\n",
    "interactive(interact_mask, x=widgets.IntSlider(min=0, max=32-19, step=1,value=3, description=\"New bits\"), should_print=fixed(True))"
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   "source": [
    "<h3>We can see two possible problems:</h3>\n",
    "\n",
    "1. We have too many networks than necessary. (8/5)\n",
    "2. We don't have enough host addresses to facilitate our Berlin facility. (1022/4012)\n",
    "\n",
    "An obvious decision would be to associate multiple subnetworks for each company building:"
   ]
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       "interactive(children=(IntSlider(value=3, description='New bits', max=13), Output()), _dom_classes=('widget-int…"
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   "source": [
    "# Visualizes grouping of subnetworks for each building\n",
    "from typing import Dict\n",
    "\n",
    "def associate(d: Dict, subnets_count=0):\n",
    "    global num_hosts\n",
    "    new_dict = {}\n",
    "    for i, key in enumerate(d):\n",
    "        if i + 1 > subnets_count:\n",
    "            break\n",
    "        h = num_hosts\n",
    "        old = d[key]\n",
    "        j = 1\n",
    "        while h < old:\n",
    "            h += num_hosts\n",
    "            j += 1\n",
    "        new_dict[key] = (old, h, j)\n",
    "    return new_dict\n",
    "\n",
    "def interact_group(x: int, should_print=True):\n",
    "    global buildings\n",
    "    new_subnets = len(interact_mask(x, should_print=should_print))\n",
    "    new_dict = associate(buildings, subnets_count=new_subnets)\n",
    "    if should_print:\n",
    "        display(HTML(\"<center>\" + tabulate.tabulate(list((d[0], d[1][0], d[1][1], d[1][2]) for d in new_dict.items()), headers=[\"Building\", \"Needed hosts\", \"Hosts\", \"Number of networks\"], tablefmt='html')+\"</center>\"))\n",
    "        print(f\"Needed networks: {max(len(buildings), sum(new_dict[key][2] for key in new_dict))}\")\n",
    "        print(f\"Available networks: {new_subnets}\")\n",
    "    return new_dict\n",
    "\n",
    "interactive(interact_group, x=widgets.IntSlider(min=0, max=32-19, step=1,value=3, description=\"New bits\"), should_print=fixed(True))"
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    "We can see that when splitting into 8 subnetworks and merging into the above configuration (3 bit split)\n",
    "we are lacking a single network needed for one of our facilities. This is a result of many IP addresses\n",
    "being wasted for smaller buildings such as the one in Poznań.\n",
    "\n",
    "A successful split would be the one with  4 bits creating 16 new networks, while leaving one reserved\n",
    "in case our company wanted to explore new markets.\n",
    " "
   ]
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       "<center><table>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "<tr><th>Building  </th><th style=\"text-align: right;\">  Needed hosts</th><th style=\"text-align: right;\">  Hosts</th><th style=\"text-align: right;\">  Number of networks</th></tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "<tr><td>Amsterdam </td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">          1024</td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">   1530</td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">                   3</td></tr>\n",
       "<tr><td>Berlin    </td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">          4012</td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">   4080</td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">                   8</td></tr>\n",
       "<tr><td>Kiev      </td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">           230</td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">    510</td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">                   1</td></tr>\n",
       "<tr><td>Poznan    </td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">           214</td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">    510</td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">                   1</td></tr>\n",
       "<tr><td>Praga     </td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">           714</td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">   1020</td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">                   2</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table></center>"
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     "text": [
      "Example split of networks: \n"
     ]
    },
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       "<center><table>\n",
       "<thead>\n",
       "<tr><th>Building  </th><th>Networks                                                                                                                        </th></tr>\n",
       "</thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "<tr><td>Amsterdam </td><td>['8.56.34.0/23', '8.56.36.0/23', '8.56.38.0/23']                                                                                </td></tr>\n",
       "<tr><td>Berlin    </td><td>['8.56.40.0/23', '8.56.42.0/23', '8.56.44.0/23', '8.56.46.0/23', '8.56.48.0/23', '8.56.50.0/23', '8.56.52.0/23', '8.56.54.0/23']</td></tr>\n",
       "<tr><td>Kiev      </td><td>['8.56.56.0/23']                                                                                                                </td></tr>\n",
       "<tr><td>Poznan    </td><td>['8.56.58.0/23']                                                                                                                </td></tr>\n",
       "<tr><td>Praga     </td><td>['8.56.60.0/23', '8.56.62.0/23']                                                                                                </td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table></center>"
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   "source": [
    "bit4_split = {'Amsterdam': (1024, 1530, 3), 'Berlin': (4012, 4080, 8), 'Kiev': (230, 510, 1), 'Poznan': (214, 510, 1), 'Praga': (714, 1020, 2)} \n",
    "display(HTML(\"<center>\" + tabulate.tabulate(list((d[0], d[1][0], d[1][1], d[1][2]) for d in bit4_split.items()), headers=[\"Building\", \"Needed hosts\", \"Hosts\", \"Number of networks\"], tablefmt='html')+\"</center>\"))\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Example split of networks: \")\n",
    "def create_example_split(x:int, dict_split: Dict):\n",
    "    example_split = []\n",
    "    nets = 0\n",
    "    networks = interact_mask(x, should_print=False)\n",
    "    num_networks = len(networks)\n",
    "    for i, split in enumerate(dict_split.items()):\n",
    "        example_split.append([split[0], []])\n",
    "        for j in range(split[1][2]):\n",
    "            nets += 1\n",
    "            # if nets >= num_networks:\n",
    "            #     return example_split\n",
    "            example_split[i][1].append(networks[nets])\n",
    "    return example_split\n",
    "example_split = create_example_split(4, bit4_split)\n",
    "example_split = list(map(lambda x: [x[0], [y.exploded for y in x[1]]], example_split))\n",
    "    \n",
    "display(HTML(\"<center>\" + tabulate.tabulate(example_split, headers=[\"Building\", \"Networks\"], tablefmt='html')+\"</center>\"))"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "However, now we are still left with the problem of wasted IP addresses in smaller buildings!"
   ]
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       "interactive(children=(IntSlider(value=5, description='New bits', max=9), Output()), _dom_classes=('widget-inte…"
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   "source": [
    "# Shows waste of IP addresses\n",
    "def interact_waste(x: int):\n",
    "    distribution = interact_group(x, should_print=True)\n",
    "    example_split = create_example_split(x, distribution)\n",
    "    table = list((d[0], d[1][0], d[1][1], d[1][2], d[1][1]-d[1][0], sum(x.num_addresses - len(list(x.hosts())) for x in example_split[i][1])) for i, d in enumerate(distribution.items()))\n",
    "    display(HTML(\"<center>\" + tabulate.tabulate(table, headers=[\"Building\", \"Needed hosts\", \"Hosts\", \"Number of networks\", \"Unused addresses\", \"Wasted addresses\"], tablefmt='html')+\"</center>\"))\n",
    "    \n",
    "interactive(interact_waste, x=widgets.IntSlider(min=0, max=9, step=1,value=5, description=\"New bits\"))"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "The \"Wasted Addresses\" column shows how with every added subnetwork the necessary broadcast and network address\n",
    "result in less and less addresses available for hosts. With 10-bit and larger default mask we lose so much so\n",
    "that we can't fit all our hosts.\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  }
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requirements.txt

tabulate==0.8.6
ipaddress==1.0.23

https://mybinder.org/v2/gist/JakubKoralewski/be26896ff19617de8ba9d4323997f921/a5afa45f21704efc7477a40eeb3ffacd693ca971