How often is Shabbos Khanuka Rosh Khodesh?

shabbos rosh khodesh khanuka occurences.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%matplotlib inline"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import subprocess\n",
    "import re\n",
    "import datetime\n",
    "from matplotlib import pyplot as plt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "To run this you need [Hebcal](https://www.hebcal.com/) installed. I didn’t bother putting it on my `$PATH`, so need to specify the path to it."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "hebcal_path = '../hebcal-master/'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Define a couple convenience methods"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def to_date(s):\n",
    "    return datetime.datetime.strptime(s, '%m/%d/%Y').date()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def to_day_of_khanuka(d, hebcal_str):\n",
    "    day_groups = re.search(d + r' Chanukah: ([0-9])(th)? (.*)', hebcal_str)\n",
    "    if day_groups == None: return None\n",
    "    day_groups = day_groups.group(1, 3)\n",
    "    if day_groups[1] == 'Day': return int(day_groups[0])\n",
    "    else: return int(day_groups[0]) - 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## This method actually runs Hebcal and pulls out the relevant data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Using the `-H` flag and Hebrew years in case any R”Kh Tevets happen in January. Turns out they occasionally do, especially in the future thanks to the long-term forward drift."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def get_data(y):\n",
    "    hebcal_str = subprocess.run(hebcal_path + './hebcal -H ' + str(y + 3760), shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, encoding='utf8').stdout\n",
    "    \n",
    "    looking_for = 'Rosh Chodesh Tevet'\n",
    "    rosh_khodesh_dates = re.findall(r'([0-9]{1,2}/[0-9]{1,2}/[0-9]{4}) ' + looking_for, hebcal_str)\n",
    "    rosh_khodesh_dates = [\n",
    "        {\n",
    "            'date': to_date(d),\n",
    "            'day_of_rosh_khodesh': i + 1,\n",
    "            'day_of_khanuka': to_day_of_khanuka(d, hebcal_str)\n",
    "        }\n",
    "        for i, d in enumerate(rosh_khodesh_dates)]\n",
    "    return rosh_khodesh_dates"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Get data from a lot of years"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "`range()` is exclusive of the last year, so the number of years is, in fact, equal to `end_year - start_year`. `end_year` just isn’t in the data."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "start_year = 1584\n",
    "end_year = 2400\n",
    "num_years = end_year - start_year"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "data = []\n",
    "for y in range(start_year, end_year):\n",
    "    data.extend(get_data(y))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Make a dataframe and get the days of the week."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df = pd.DataFrame(data)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df['weekday'] = df['date'].apply(lambda d: d.strftime('%A'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The data looks like this:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>date</th>\n",
       "      <th>day_of_khanuka</th>\n",
       "      <th>day_of_rosh_khodesh</th>\n",
       "      <th>weekday</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1583-12-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Thursday</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>1583-12-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Friday</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>1584-12-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Monday</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>1585-12-21</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Saturday</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>1585-12-22</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sunday</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         date  day_of_khanuka  day_of_rosh_khodesh   weekday\n",
       "0  1583-12-15               6                    1  Thursday\n",
       "1  1583-12-16               7                    2    Friday\n",
       "2  1584-12-03               6                    1    Monday\n",
       "3  1585-12-21               6                    1  Saturday\n",
       "4  1585-12-22               7                    2    Sunday"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "I wouldn’t expect otherwise, but just in case, make sure that Rosh Khodesh Tevet is always actually *during* Khanuka."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>date</th>\n",
       "      <th>day_of_khanuka</th>\n",
       "      <th>day_of_rosh_khodesh</th>\n",
       "      <th>weekday</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "Empty DataFrame\n",
       "Columns: [date, day_of_khanuka, day_of_rosh_khodesh, weekday]\n",
       "Index: []"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df[df['day_of_khanuka'].isna()]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Aggregate by weekday\n",
    "And reindex so they’re in human order."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "by_weekday = df.groupby(['weekday']).size()\n",
    "by_weekday = by_weekday.reindex(['Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Here’s the number of times Rosh Khodesh Tevet happens on each of the days of the week.\n",
    "\n",
    "Because it’s usually a 2-day Rosh Khodesh, it’s more than the number of years."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "weekday\n",
       "Sunday       229\n",
       "Monday       180\n",
       "Tuesday      227\n",
       "Wednesday    161\n",
       "Thursday     152\n",
       "Friday       246\n",
       "Saturday     229\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "by_weekday"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x10ef97fd0>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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d2aCxLyK+VV1FrZP0EOmP9NIBYYmkv4uIL1RT2fAkabA32DqRdEhE/LDqOkaqF+svOeg3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\nAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x10ef97940>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "by_weekday.plot.bar()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "It’s clearly not uniformly distributed, but when you divide the number of times it’s on Saturday by the number of years…"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.28063725490196079"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "by_weekday['Saturday']/num_years"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 28.1%"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
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