Английский язык в сфере юриспруденции
Немецкий язык в сфере юриспруденции
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК (В СФЕРЕ ЮРИСПРУДЕНЦИИ)
Рабочая программа дисциплины для студентов, обучающихся по специальности На заочном отделении 24 часа — аудиторной работы и часов — самостоятельной. Общая трудоемкость дисциплины составляет 5 зачетных единиц. Все учебные занятия являются практическими. Содержание основного модуля направлено на коррекцию и совершенствование навыков и умений, сформированных в школе. В ходе освоения профессионально-направленного модуля проводится обучение английскому языку с учетом гуманитарного профиля профессионального образования. Языковой материал профессионально направленного модуля предполагает введение нового, более сложного и одновременно профессионально ориентированного материала, формирующего более высокий уровень коммуникативных навыков и умений. Отличительной чертой программы является ее ориентированность на юридическую направленность, изучение и использование юридической терминологии. Рабочая программа учитывает, что обучение английскому языку происходит в ситуации отсутствия языковой среды, поэтому предпочтение отдается тем материалам, которые создают естественную речевую ситуацию общения и несут познавательную нагрузку. При изучении дисциплины преследуется цель — повышение общего культурного уровня студентов путем сообщения сведений из правовой области, и обогащения словарного запаса обучаемых профессиональной терминологией. Основная цель обучения иностранному языку реализуется с учётом коммуникативного, компетентностного, личностно - ориентированного и дифференцированного подходов. Достижение целей и решение выше обозначенных задач обеспечивается формированием общекультурных компетенций ОК-5, ОК-7, ОК-8, ОК , заложенных в ФГОС ВПО Изучение дисциплины в первом семестре завершается зачётом, во втором — экзаменом на дневном и заочном отделениях. Дисциплина изучается два семестра, где продолжается работа по овладению, совершенствованию навыков работы устной и письменной речи. На данном этапе ставится цель углубить лексические и грамматические знания в рамках делового профессионального общения. В качестве основных учебных материалов используются оригинальные и адаптированные общественно-политические тексты, газетные статьи, аутентичные аудиоматериалы, являющиеся основой восприятия и изучения языка и профессиональной подготовки студентов юристов. Дальнейшее расширение потенциального словаря, репродуктивная лексика правового профиля в объеме единиц. Изучение грамматического материала должно носить функциональный характер, соответствующий конкретному этапу обучения и специфики текстов учебных пособий. За курс обучения студент должен репродуктивно усвоить следующий грамматический материал:. Формы артикля и общее понятие их употребления. Выражение падежных отношений с помощью порядка слов и предлогов. Общий и притяжательный падежи. Место наречия в предложении. Количественные и порядковые числительные. Чтение хронологических дат и формул. Неопределенные местоимения и их производные. Категории глаголов — правильные и неправильные, основные формы глаголов. Образование, употребление и перевод временных форм глагола в действительном и страдательном залоге. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. Неличные формы глагола, их синтаксические функции в предложении и особенности их перевода на русский язык. Наиболее употребительные предлоги места, времени, движения и их сравнение с русскими предлогами. Порядок слов в распространенном повествовательном предложении. Типы вопросительных предложений и порядок слов в них. Виды придаточных предложений и бессоюзное подчинение определительных и дополнительных предложений. Инфинитив в составе сложного подлежащего и сложного дополнения и особенности перевода этих конструкций на русский язык. The Prime Minister effectively appoints the other ministers and may also require them to resign. All the ministers must be members of either the House of Commons or the House of Lords, and a minister may speak only in the House of which he is a member. There are several Secretaries of State in the British Government. They are the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, the Secretary of State for Scotland, the Secretary of State for Home Department, etc. The Cabinet consists of the heads of the most important Departments together with a few ministers without departments. The Prime Minister decides which ministers will be included. The Cabinet has only real powers and takes the effective decisions about what is to be done. The structure of the Government is frequently changed as new departments are set up or existing departments are merged. The Cabinet consists of главы самых значительных ведомств together with a few ministers without departments. By the constitution the government of the USA is composed of three branches: The executive power is headed by a President who holds office for four years and is elected, together with a Vice-President chosen for the same term, by electors from each state. The President must be a native-born citizen, resident in the country for fourteen years and at least thirty-five years old. The presidential election is held every fourth year on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November. The legislative power is represented by a Congress, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate consists of two members from each state, chosen for six years. The House of Representatives is elected every other year. Their work is to make a congressman vote for measures favorable to the group the lobbyists represent. There are several basic principles which are found at all levels of American government. One of these says that legislators are elected from geographical districts directly by the voters. Under this principle all election districts must have the same number of residents. Another fundamental principle of American government is that compromise in politics is a matter of necessity, not choice. For example, the House of Representatives controls spending and finance, so the President must have its agreement for his proposals and programmes. In foreign affairs he is also strongly limited. So what a President wants to do is often a different thing from what a President is able to do. Congress, the legislative branch of the federal government, is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives. There are Senators, two from each state. One third of the Senators are elected every two years for six-year terms of office. The Senators represent all of the people in a state and their interests. The House has members. They are elected every two years two-year terms. The number of Representatives from each state is based upon its population. For instance, California, the state with the largest population, has 45 Representatives, while Delaware has one. There is no limit to the number of terms a Senator or a Representative may serve. Congress makes all laws, and each house of Congress has the power to introduce legislation. Each can also vote against legislation passed by the other. Because legislation only becomes law if both houses agree, compromise between them is necessary. Congress decides upon taxes and how money is spent. In addition, it regulates commerce among the states and with foreign countries. It also sets rules for the naturalization of foreign citizens. Each сенатор is elected for six years and each представитель for two years, with no limitation on the number of сроков. Congress decides upon налоги , регулирует commerce among the states and устанавливает правила for the устройство of foreign citizens. In English law, marriage is an agreement by which a man and woman enter into a certain legal relationship with each other and which creates mutual rights and duties. Marriage is clearly a contract, it may be void or voidable. But it is, of course, quite unlike any commercial contract. A marriage may only be contracted if special formalities are carried. The grounds on which a marriage may be void or voidable are for the most part completely different from those on which other contracts may be void or voidable. A contract of marriage cannot be discharged by agreement, frustration or breach. Apart from death, it can be terminated only by a decree of dissolution or divorce pronounced by a court of competent jurisdiction. Provided that they do not offend against rules of public policy or statutory prohibitions, the parties to a commercial contract may make such terms as they think fit. Hands up any parent who has never smacked their child. Hands up anyone who was never smacked as a child. The numbers are few. Since the dawn of history parents have corrected their children by smacking. But it is already illegal in Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Austria. Germany and Canada want to introduce some laws. Can Britain be far behind? The child experts agree that physical punishment should be outlawed. It leads to more violence in society. But the cases of cruelty differ from smacks used by parents who teach their children how to behave. In her excellent book on child care "Good children" Lynette Burrows writes that a quick, minimally-painful smack is the most sensible corrective in child development. The mother is the ideal person to do this since she combines love and concern for the child with a physical presence. Coldness, emotional rejection, hurtful words and not spending time with children are cruel, too. Violent crime and aggression are just as often in non-smacking Scandinavia as elsewhere. In the Mediterranean summer resorts Swedish and Dutch teenagers bully and fight. In Greece and Spain people are appalled by the behavior of these more "progressive" tourists. Normal parents do not take any pleasure in punishing their children. Of course, we must reject cruelty or brutality to children: The United States of America is situated in the central part of the North America continent. Its total area is about nine and a half million square kilometers. In size, the USA ranks fourth among the nations after Russia, Canada, and China. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast - by the Atlantic Ocean. The USA borders on Canada in the north and on Mexico in the south. It also has a sea-border with Russia. The continental part of the USA consists of four physical geographical parts: The highland regions are the Appalachian Mountains in the east, and the Rocky Mountains in the west. The highest peak in the Appalachian Mountains is 2, meters high. The highest peak of the Cordillera in the USA is 4, meters high. The Appalachian Mountains are very old. The valleys between them are rich in coal. The Rocky Mountains are considered to be young, high, rough, and irregular in shape. The highest mountain is Mount McKinley which is located in Alaska 6, Between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains there are the central lowlands, called the prairie, and the eastern lowlands, called the Mississippi valley. The five Great Lakes, between the USA and Canada, include Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario. They are all joined together by short rivers or canals, and the St. Lawrence River joins them to the Atlantic Ocean. In the west of the USA there is another lake called the Great Salt Lake. The main rivers of the USA are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Rio Grand, the Yukon, the Colorado, the Columbia, and the St. The USA is a very large country, so it has several different climate zones. The coldest regions are in the north and north-east, where much snow falls in winter. The climate of Alaska is arctic. The climate of the central part is continental. The south has subtropical climate. Hot winds blowing from the Gulf of Mexico often bring typhoons. The climate along the Pacific coast is much warmer than that of the Atlantic coast. The region around the Great Lakes is known for its changeable weather. The population of the USA is nearly million people. Most of them are townspeople. The native population is only about 1 million Indians of different tribes. Many of them live in reservations. As a result of prolonged immigration, now there are more than 25 million British Americans nearly half the population of Britain , about 23 million African Americans, 25 million German Americans and more Irish Americans than the whole population of Ireland, many people from the Middle East and the Far East. The official language is English. The capital of the USA is Washington, the District of Columbia D. The US Congress has its seat in the Capitol, and the White House is the residence of the President. New York is the largest city and port with its suburbs, it has a population of about 13 million people. It is the financial and business center of the capitalist world. It is famous for its skyscrapers. The second largest city is Chicago. It is situated on the Lake Michigan, in Illinois. It is one of the biggest industrial center. The third largest city is Los Angeles, in California. It is an important centre of modern industries. Not far from it is Hollywood, the world-known centre of the US film business. The forth largest city is Philadelphia, in Pennsylvania. Light industry is highly developed here. Philadelphia is an important cultural centre with many fine buildings and a university. The Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed, is situated in the city. San-Francisco, on the Pacific Coast, is a big port and ship-building centre. It is the heartland of California of great interest are its nine bridges over the Golden Gate Channel between the Pacific Ocean and San-Francisco Bay. Detroit, in the Great Lake region, is the largest city of Michigan. It is known as an automobile capital. General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, American Motors are well-known automobile companies. Boston is one of the first towns founded on the Atlantic coast of America. It is historically famous for the Boston Tea Party, which later developed into the War for Independence. Now it is the capital and the largest city in Massachusetts, an important port, a financial and cultural centre. The US economy is based on the free enterprise system. Private businesses compete against one another with relatively little interference from the government. Since the depression of the s, when the economy essentially collapsed, laws have been made giving the government a more active role in economic and other matters. The USA is one of the most highly developed states. It leads the world in industrial and agricultural production, leaving some countries far behind. The United States owes its high level of economic development mainly to its great mineral riches. It has been able to use them for a long time without wars. No one of the world wars of the 20 th century took place on its territory. The US monopolies only became richer from the world wars. The US is rich in a variety of mineral resources. It is a world leader in the production of many important mineral resources, such as aluminum, cement, copper, lead, phosphates, potash, salt, uranium, and zinc. The country is rich in coal, iron, oil, petroleum, natural gas and holds first place in the capitalist world for their production. It also has gold, silver, such non-ferrous as aluminum, magnesium, titanium. Since the end of World War II the US has exported raw materials, agricultural and industrial products. Computers, and automatic systems characterize the advances in technology. The heavy industries are for the most part in the Middle West, in the region of the Great Lakes, around Detroit and Chicago, in the north-eastern states and near Birmingham. The automobile industry and all kinds of machine-building are highly developed especially in and near Detroit, in California and in the areas of heavy industry. Ship-building is developed along the Atlantic coast and also in San-Francisco and Seattle on the Pacific coast. The textile industry is concentrated in the north-east, in Boston and other cities; but it is especially well developed in the South, where much cotton is grown, in the Mississippi valley. The USA has a highly developed railway system. It also has the best system of roads in the world. The Great Lakes and the rivers, especially the Saint Lawrence River and the Mississippi, are used for transport. In recent years the growth of air traffic has been observed. American agriculture produces more food products than any other country. Much of them are exported. Animal husbandry is also developed in the country. The US harvests a lot of vegetables such as tomatoes, potatoes and onions. Arizona, Florida, California and Texas are the major citrus-producing states. They grow oranges, tangerines, grapefruit, lemons. Strawberries and apples are also produced. The highlands in the west of the country are famous for their cattle-farming. Poultry-farming and vegetable-growing are concentrated in the country-side near all the big cities. Дополните предложения данными словами. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различное значение выделенных слов. Переведите текст письма на английский язык. Переведите предложения на английский язык. УСЛОВИЯ ОВЛАДЕНИЯ ЯЗЫКОМ У ГЛУХОГО РЕБЕНКА В ОТЛИЧИЕ ОТ СЛЫШАЩЕГО XXVIII. Агрегирующие функции языка SQL Английские артикли. Употребление артиклей в английском языке. Последнее изменение этой страницы: Архитектура Аудит Военная наука Иностранные языки Медицина Металлургия Метрология Образование Политология Производство Психология Стандартизация Технологии. Цели и задачи дисциплины 4 Объем дисциплины и виды учебной работы. Требования к результатам освоения дисциплины Междисциплинарные связи и обеспечиваемыми последующими дисциплинами 2. Задания для самостоятельной работы 13 5. Вопросы для экзаменов и зачетов
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