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@anderssonjohan
Created September 2, 2020 12:39
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EOP with GitHub Actions and repository_dispatch + PAT

Illustration of elevation of privilege vulnerability using GitHub Actions where GitHub Personal Access Tokens (PAT) are used to trigger the repository_dispatch event, which requires write access to the target repository. With write access to the repo, the access allows creating workflows that prints the secrets in the target repository, which may contain GitHub secrets on the repo level or org level secrets only given out to selected repositories.

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-0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 38px; height: 1px; padding-top: 332px; margin-left: 143px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; ">githuborg/hacker_new_repo</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="162" y="336" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">github...</text></switch></g><path d="M 543.7 765.2 C 540.78 765.2 537.98 764.03 535.92 761.96 C 533.86 759.88 532.7 757.07 532.7 754.13 L 532.7 673.87 C 532.7 670.93 533.86 668.12 535.92 666.04 C 537.98 663.97 540.78 662.8 543.7 662.8 L 624.1 662.8 C 627.02 662.8 629.82 663.97 631.88 666.04 C 633.94 668.12 635.1 670.93 635.1 673.87 L 635.1 754.13 C 635.1 757.07 633.94 759.88 631.88 761.96 C 629.82 764.03 627.02 765.2 624.1 765.2 Z" fill="url(#mx-gradient-ffffff-1-dfdede-1-s-0)" stroke="none" pointer-events="all"/><path d="M 552.57 691.73 L 568.2 686.49 L 583.96 691.87 L 600 686.35 L 614.7 692.08 L 614.6 712.24 L 598.97 717.27 L 599.04 737.9 L 583.83 742.59 L 568.13 737.07 L 568.2 716.58 L 552.71 711.75 Z" fill="#febe10" stroke="none" pointer-events="all"/><path d="M 557.21 691.83 L 568.79 695.53 L 579.93 691.84 L 568.69 688.36 Z M 567.36 715.39 L 567.36 697.78 L 554.95 693.74 L 554.95 711.29 Z M 570.24 715.46 L 582.48 711.3 L 582.48 693.79 L 570.24 697.85 Z M 597.79 715.36 L 597.79 697.78 L 585.56 693.83 L 585.56 711.29 Z M 599.33 695.49 L 610.67 691.84 L 599.43 688.37 L 588.17 691.83 Z M 600.77 715.51 L 613.07 711.37 L 613.07 693.84 L 600.77 697.8 Z M 584.13 720.95 L 595.18 717.26 L 583.99 713.8 L 572.83 717.27 Z M 585.56 740.89 L 597.79 736.8 L 597.79 719.2 L 585.56 723.26 Z M 570.24 736.8 L 582.48 740.89 L 582.48 723.24 L 570.24 719.26 Z M 567.36 738.72 L 567.36 718.29 L 552.07 713.25 L 552.07 690.41 L 568.72 685.44 L 584.01 690.14 L 599.5 685.44 L 615.67 690.48 L 615.67 713.32 L 600.77 718.36 L 600.77 738.78 L 584.14 744.3 Z" fill="#ffffff" stroke="none" pointer-events="all"/><path d="M 532.7 673.87 C 532.7 670.93 533.86 668.12 535.92 666.04 C 537.98 663.97 540.78 662.8 543.7 662.8 L 624.1 662.8 C 627.02 662.8 629.82 663.97 631.88 666.04 C 633.94 668.12 635.1 670.93 635.1 673.87 L 635.1 700.85 C 602.78 716.72 565.02 716.72 532.7 700.85 Z" fill-opacity="0.2" fill="#ffffff" stroke="none" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe flex-start; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding-top: 772px; margin-left: 584px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; white-space: nowrap; ">AWS Account</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="584" y="786" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="14px" text-anchor="middle">AWS Account</text></switch></g><path d="M 93.58 703.39 C 93.51 699.61 94.78 695.96 97.11 693.25 C 99.44 690.55 102.63 689.01 105.96 689 C 113.4 689.08 119.47 695.48 119.74 703.54 C 120.02 707.24 118.9 710.91 116.63 713.69 C 114.37 716.46 111.16 718.1 107.75 718.23 C 100.22 718.39 93.94 711.81 93.58 703.39 Z M 80 739 C 80.3 731.97 82.91 725.42 87.21 720.94 C 90.62 717.56 95.37 717.36 98.95 720.44 C 101 721.95 103.24 723.17 105.62 724.06 C 108.06 725.12 110.74 724.94 113.08 723.56 C 114.36 722.94 115.5 722.04 116.41 720.94 C 117.31 719.86 118.88 719.64 120.04 720.44 C 122.09 721.81 123.92 724.24 125.36 727.48 C 126.75 731.16 127.48 735.05 127.5 738.99 Z" fill="#00bef2" stroke="none" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe flex-start; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding-top: 746px; margin-left: 104px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 14px; font-family: Helvetica; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; white-space: nowrap; ">GitHub Account,<br />member of GitHub organization<br />without write access <br />to repo with secret<br />to external service</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="104" y="760" fill="#000000" font-family="Helvetica" font-size="14px" text-anchor="middle">GitHub...</text></switch></g><path d="M 260 714 L 135.74 714" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="2" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="M 129.74 714 L 137.74 710 L 135.74 714 L 137.74 718 Z" fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="2" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding-top: 701px; margin-left: 193px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 14px; font-family: Lucida Console; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; background-color: #ffffff; white-space: nowrap; ">1</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="193" y="705" fill="#000000" font-family="Lucida Console" font-size="14px" text-anchor="middle">1</text></switch></g><path d="M 100 650 L 88.99 590.1" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="2" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="M 87.9 584.2 L 93.28 591.34 L 88.99 590.1 L 85.42 592.79 Z" fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="2" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding-top: 626px; margin-left: 109px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 14px; font-family: Lucida Console; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; background-color: #ffffff; white-space: nowrap; ">2</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="109" y="630" fill="#000000" font-family="Lucida Console" font-size="14px" text-anchor="middle">2</text></switch></g><path d="M 262.03 582.9 L 288.64 642.48" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="2" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="M 291.09 647.96 L 284.17 642.29 L 288.64 642.48 L 291.48 639.02 Z" fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="2" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding-top: 612px; margin-left: 290px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 14px; font-family: Lucida Console; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; background-color: #ffffff; white-space: nowrap; ">3</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="290" y="616" fill="#000000" font-family="Lucida Console" font-size="14px" text-anchor="middle">3</text></switch></g><rect x="32" y="535" width="240" height="20" fill="none" stroke="none" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe flex-start; width: 238px; height: 1px; padding-top: 545px; margin-left: 34px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: left; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 14px; font-family: Lucida Console; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; ">on push:<br />  print DISPATCH_TOKEN</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="34" y="549" fill="#000000" font-family="Lucida Console" font-size="14px">on push:...</text></switch></g><path d="M 10 510 L 320 510" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><image x="460.19" y="358.21" width="16.3" height="26.29" xlink:href="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" transform="rotate(270,468.84,371.85)"/><path d="M 342 350 L 652 350" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="M 342 510 L 652 510" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="M 10 350 L 320 350" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><rect x="360" y="535" width="240" height="20" fill="none" stroke="none" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe flex-start; width: 238px; height: 1px; padding-top: 545px; margin-left: 362px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: left; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 14px; font-family: Lucida Console; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; ">on push:<br />  print AWS_SECRET_KEY</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="362" y="549" fill="#000000" font-family="Lucida Console" font-size="14px">on push:...</text></switch></g><path d="M 370.3 650 L 414.67 588.67" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="2" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="M 418.19 583.81 L 416.74 592.64 L 414.67 588.67 L 410.26 587.95 Z" fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="2" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding-top: 626px; margin-left: 403px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 14px; font-family: Lucida Console; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; background-color: #ffffff; white-space: nowrap; ">4</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="403" y="630" fill="#000000" font-family="Lucida Console" font-size="14px" text-anchor="middle">4</text></switch></g><path d="M 388 714 L 524.46 714" fill="none" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="2" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="stroke"/><path d="M 530.46 714 L 522.46 718 L 524.46 714 L 522.46 710 Z" fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" stroke-width="2" stroke-miterlimit="10" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding-top: 697px; margin-left: 438px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: center; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 14px; font-family: Lucida Console; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; background-color: #ffffff; white-space: nowrap; ">5</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="438" y="701" fill="#000000" font-family="Lucida Console" font-size="14px" text-anchor="middle">5</text></switch></g><rect x="0" y="0" width="660" height="110" fill="none" stroke="none" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;" pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe flex-start; justify-content: unsafe flex-start; width: 658px; height: 1px; padding-top: 7px; margin-left: 2px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0; text-align: left; "><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 14px; font-family: Lucida Console; color: #000000; line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; white-space: normal; word-wrap: normal; ">1. Obtaining access to unprivileged account in GitHub org, the employee may have done something simple such as logging on to a website using GitHub and accepted all the permissions the app asked for...<br /><br />2. Creates new or uses existing repo to create workflow<br /><br />3. Obtains all secrets using any available method to pass the secrets <br />(upload artifact, curl to own website, ...)<br /><br />4. Uses obtained GitHub PAT with higher credentials with write access to other org repos to fetch org/repo secrets available to the privileged org member by creating workflows in those repos<br /><br />5. Uses stolen secrets to access services outside GitHub</div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="2" y="21" fill="#000000" font-family="Lucida Console" font-size="14px">1. Obtaining access to unprivileged account in GitHub org, the employee may have done somethin...</text></switch></g></g><switch><g requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility"/><a transform="translate(0,-5)" xlink:href="https://desk.draw.io/support/solutions/articles/16000042487" target="_blank"><text text-anchor="middle" font-size="10px" x="50%" y="100%">Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1</text></a></switch></svg>
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