cheatsheet for event-driven finite state machines

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stroke-width: 2; fill: none;"></path></g><g transform="translate(74.2734375 70.75)"><text x="0" y="15" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">A state machine is an abstract concept that describes...</text></g><g transform="translate(126.1484375 204.30859375)"><text x="0" y="18" font-family="Virgil" font-size="20px" fill="#000000">idle</text></g><g transform="translate(289.783203125 195.33984375)"><path d="M-1.5496889799833298 -1.03675277531147 C21.735309327414146 0.5033371332174283, 45.500120256881935 -0.10553194255771814, 86.76844199001789 0.2953314036130905 M0.3952953442931175 -0.6984356269240379 C25.259630089465645 0.3495310720682028, 50.64760832829052 0.3291326936960104, 84.75046249479055 0.4071172848343849 M84.47008307278156 0.21203748881816864 C85.20518384362542 15.588639480018173, 85.1801494159826 28.949051896022866, 85.3691008836031 47.33750240504742 M85.41920372098684 -0.7851529940962791 C85.30314873691212 13.776677156981897, 84.50786947246205 25.74125541597023, 85.98771163076162 46.2968784943223 M84.91729958355427 46.436947748064995 C64.47913214431901 49.1758717838602, 42.34206638965406 47.62831252253818, -1.4968387335538864 44.73421137034893 M85.12868186086416 46.070855773985386 C58.895644129413995 46.81481730158703, 33.361542860366164 46.27816831286327, -0.9119792357087135 46.48703185468912 M-0.21536366641521454 46.81717722117901 C-0.9865597905308823 28.715546067475223, -0.5939001263768295 14.635811276076126, 0.6554864197969437 0.9849700182676315 M0.5391106233000755 46.04561606794596 C1.0533615615448797 29.17560466174327, 0.46842470432136907 12.228360894700742, -0.3707292452454567 0.5286027565598488" style="stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0); 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stroke-width: 2; fill: none;"></path></g></g><g><g transform="translate(380.80078125 216.35546875)"><path d="M-1.180007556080818 -0.9447395771741867 C17.546708072225254 -0.5404529064893722, 92.50333855648836 1.826423791050911, 111.57899522483349 1.9636541873216629 M1.2201919700950383 -0.4934115424007177 C20.563638686562577 -0.28276822946965696, 96.1574272380521 -0.7988284458965065, 114.5145617749542 -0.36340493582189093" style="stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0); stroke-width: 2; fill: none;"></path></g><g transform="translate(380.80078125 216.35546875)"><path d="M84.68578088207846 7.847654436647941 C94.82189941166338 8.58159287323665, 97.98356349484285 3.5717082580655424, 112.73613028489054 0.970138200893998 M85.52803765906697 10.424536448836376 C94.43263591495186 7.40674585070912, 102.17061594911672 3.814211474671178, 114.98829988650978 -0.5510220365971328" style="stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0); stroke-width: 2; fill: none;"></path></g><g transform="translate(380.80078125 216.35546875)"><path d="M84.81374975819226 -12.673155156362403 C94.84079307420129 -7.12030543365201, 97.97239831927273 -7.310020394028458, 112.73613028489054 0.970138200893998 M85.65600653518077 -10.096273144173969 C94.72879097169621 -7.511946666316986, 102.4318306884118 -5.501528017599292, 114.98829988650978 -0.5510220365971328" style="stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0); stroke-width: 2; fill: none;"></path></g></g><g transform="translate(224.83984375 397.56640625)"><text x="0" y="19" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="20px" fill="#5c940d">and "transitions" between states</text><text x="0" y="43" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="20px" fill="#5c940d">triggered by "events"</text></g><g><g transform="translate(371.453125 395.45703125)"><path d="M-1.1404808074235915 -0.9490551441907882 C8.879785439372062 -14.946717529495558, 49.794224354624745 -69.54448520044485, 60.07397851645946 -83.40100073516369 M-1.041654982343316 -0.6476526942104102 C8.98964197419584 -14.871925051038465, 51.081822757944465 -70.77195855441192, 61.59164151929319 -84.53019094847143" style="stroke: rgb(92, 148, 13); stroke-width: 1; fill: none;"></path></g></g><g><g transform="translate(353.4765625 393.765625)"><path d="M0.45734334290027623 -1.1794948607683182 C17.698966235915822 -28.554862565795577, 86.93652876516184 -136.7901591648658, 104.26841960251332 -164.041585829854 M1.2474123106151818 -0.4803542945533992 C18.712268753225604 -27.91904950516919, 86.272822789525 -138.361309130763, 103.38269136287272 -165.90944152094423" style="stroke: rgb(92, 148, 13); stroke-width: 1; fill: none;"></path></g></g><g><g transform="translate(337 391.6015625)"><path d="M0.7127474337816238 1.0313760727643968 C-15.294191278020543 -26.65705112119516, -80.50606925984223 -139.0185908029477, -96.82293533980847 -166.81100664436818 M1.6513121185451745 -0.6527257058769464 C-14.53320038619141 -28.925711637114485, -79.05821891052028 -140.3243786825488, -95.55989213608206 -167.87251956678926" style="stroke: rgb(92, 148, 13); stroke-width: 1; fill: none;"></path></g></g><g transform="translate(196.25 195.6484375)"><text x="0" y="14" font-family="Virgil" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">FETCH</text></g><g transform="translate(379.203125 196.25)"><text x="0" y="14" font-family="Virgil" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">RESOLVE</text></g><g transform="translate(380.53515625 220.84765625)"><text x="0" y="14" font-family="Virgil" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">REJECT</text></g><g><g transform="translate(382.64453125 240.0703125)"><path d="M1.1214445620775224 -1.1495439559221268 C9.985473460952441 0.06352217694123596, 43.797883402307825 -3.9331778238217048, 53.65432868301868 7.744389244914055 C63.51077396372954 19.421956313649815, 51.12899546921253 57.20604956646761, 60.26011624634266 68.91585845649243 C69.39123702347278 80.62566734651725, 100.29857087433338 76.38641973833242, 108.44105334579945 78.00324258506298 M0.18138586141169055 0.9569162037223577 C8.458875665838521 2.1713542328526576, 41.54344489989182 -5.454127947265904, 51.33269488193095 6.1791769387573 C61.12194486397008 17.812481824780505, 49.16558669425547 58.781073614185054, 58.91688575364649 70.75674551986158 C68.66818481303751 82.7324174255381, 101.62437824346125 76.42393490972619, 109.84048923827707 78.03320837281645" style="stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0); 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What is a state machine?</text></g><g transform="translate(639 10)"><text x="0" y="35" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="36px" fill="#000000">2. States</text></g><g><g transform="translate(644.45703125 153.32421875)"><path d="M-0.8173422306776046 -0.326817038655281 C4.216678733627001 -0.10540638267993921, 25.163582693537077 1.0774132698774337, 30.44988332092762 1.090440747141838 M-0.18151645325124255 0.05928510926663866 C5.003084938700001 -0.21148130394518388, 25.189671766137085 -0.046963255181908775, 30.66666565991938 0.19072621844708904" style="stroke: rgb(230, 119, 0); stroke-width: 2; fill: none;"></path></g></g><g><g transform="translate(675.265625 153.32421875)"><path d="M-0.0409570187330246 0.5637487381696702 C-0.24659771621227264 35.86549488405387, -0.9530761212110519 176.98182385464509, -0.8143473118543625 212.54403447806834 M-0.18679444693028935 1.4852522280067206 C-0.45541146419942385 36.4870657962809, -1.2426643838733435 175.96679688317082, -1.0593893875926734 211.25799651406706" style="stroke: rgb(230, 119, 0); stroke-width: 2; fill: none;"></path></g></g><g><g transform="translate(676.15234375 366.02734375)"><path d="M0.7012670069932938 -1.1403054267168045 C-4.350515251358351 -1.3395368605852127, -24.770078576604526 -1.3521639853715897, -30.13637804687023 -1.2117317229509355 M-0.8869691529124976 -0.2079802391678094 C-6.072329003637035 -0.21117310501635064, -25.56866728606323 -0.6377582667022943, -30.487249869331716 -0.7454737613350153" style="stroke: rgb(230, 119, 0); stroke-width: 2; fill: none;"></path></g></g><g><g transform="translate(675.44140625 167.2109375)"><path d="M-0.403541949391365 -0.9734390705823898 C5.3656134575605385 -4.793883845210075, 29.176402470469473 -18.681816717982294, 34.76559266746044 -22.40291151702404 M0.24770778201520427 -0.1176543440669775 C5.851060707792639 -3.819667891487479, 29.27716757796705 -18.999312702640893, 35.070126292929054 -22.68027652166784" style="stroke: rgb(230, 119, 0); stroke-width: 2; fill: none;"></path></g></g><g transform="translate(716.66796875 132.06640625)"><text x="0" y="19" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="20px" fill="#e67700">These are all finite states!</text></g><g transform="translate(716.5625 162.30859375)"><text x="0" y="15" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#e67700">(idle, loading, success, error)</text></g><g transform="translate(705.96484375 67.93359375)"><text x="0" y="15" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">A finite state describes some "mode" or "status"</text><text x="0" y="34" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">that a system (e.g., an app or component) is in.</text></g><g><g transform="translate(610.275390625 222.408203125)"><path d="M-0.4356236904859543 0.8088365525007248 C16.06636500656605 8.489867366353671, 82.00482068359851 38.02239506741365, 98.28203826248645 45.37678098380566 M-1.8070900764316322 -1.265079431310296 C14.51557617045939 6.301959661866229, 81.99071491338313 37.482761000220975, 98.58358372069895 44.97759435914457" style="stroke: rgb(230, 119, 0); stroke-width: 2; fill: none;"></path></g></g><g transform="translate(725.96875 368.19140625)"><text x="0" y="15" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#495057">{</text><text x="0" y="34" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#495057">  user: { name: 'David' },</text><text x="0" y="53" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#495057">  errors: null,</text><text x="0" y="72" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#495057">  count: 42</text><text x="0" y="91" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#495057">}</text></g><g transform="translate(710.69140625 307.12890625)"><text x="0" y="15" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">Extended state describes contextual data that</text><text x="0" y="34" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">is not finite, but relevant to the machine:</text></g><g transform="translate(711.81640625 489.37890625)"><text x="0" y="15" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">Don't confuse finite states with extended states!</text></g><g transform="translate(81.74088541666663 639.6549479166665)"><text x="0" y="15" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">An event is a "signal" that something happened.</text></g><g transform="translate(845.10546875 532.09375)"><text x="0" y="15" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#e67700">countable</text></g><g transform="translate(1020.58984375 532.515625)"><text x="0" y="15" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#e67700">infinite</text></g><g><g transform="translate(869.359375 530.8828125)"><path d="M-0.7855500251054763 0.7147381335496903 C-0.46597449282805126 -3.188467261195183, 2.486299098531405 -18.924834582209588, 2.7728820770978926 -23.011600157618524 M-1.4554279587417842 -1.2629964246600867 C-1.3752234043429297 -5.102674995884299, -0.6118584114064773 -18.655996793732047, 0.16802273295819758 -22.277001124843956" style="stroke: rgb(230, 119, 0); 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they happen instantaneously!</text></g><g stroke-opacity="0.4" fill-opacity="0.4" transform="translate(82.54166666666663 922.1666666666665)"><text x="0" y="15" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">Promises + async/await can still be modeled as a state machine.</text><text x="0" y="34" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">Just think of "awaiting" as a finite state!</text></g><g stroke-opacity="0.6" fill-opacity="0.6" transform="translate(106.27213541666663 992.0104166666665)"><text x="0" y="15" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">{</text><text x="0" y="34" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">  type: 'FETCH',</text><text x="0" y="53" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">  userId: 1</text><text x="0" y="72" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">}</text></g><g transform="translate(301.90104166666663 989.6940104166665)"><text x="0" y="15" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">Events are distinguished by</text><text x="0" y="34" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">a finite set of "types"...</text></g><g transform="translate(299.10807291666663 1048.6510416666665)"><text x="0" y="15" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">...and sometimes carry extra data.</text></g><g transform="translate(173.72916666666663 1004.4869791666665)"><path d="M42.3713674227809 0.18206338253201082 C50.26705083753267 0.3799904049469598, 60.17763524379054 2.912872429669153, 65.58968527690539 4.750738945368058 C71.00173531002022 6.588605461066963, 74.29535372238675 8.457536277743442, 74.84366762146996 11.209262476725439 C75.39198152055317 13.960988675707435, 73.41155428195177 18.824484868097, 68.87956867140467 21.261096139260037 C64.34758306085757 23.697707410423074, 55.46427245180166 25.091084653509444, 47.65175395818739 25.82893010370366 C39.83923546457312 26.566775553897873, 29.241684353526868 26.77461077993126, 22.004457709719055 25.68816884042532 C14.767231065911243 24.60172690091938, 7.6144185310181225 22.024238977657802, 4.228394095340512 19.310278466668017 C0.8423696596629022 16.59631795567823, -0.29900522645389604 12.24699006691273, 1.6883110956533969 9.404405774486612 C3.6756274177606896 6.561821482060495, 8.688867196271996 3.701363757270901, 16.15229202798427 2.2547727121113077 C23.615716859696544 0.8081816669517148, 41.126117651561835 0.8945010367282548, 46.468860085927034 0.7248595035290553 C51.81160252029223 0.5552179703298558, 48.40276198169636 1.1580586700992808, 48.20874663417547 1.2369235129161105 M42.76028527906172 1.1488714850659747 C50.48658972747193 1.3459805483164267, 60.26629388545431 2.4946293095455694, 65.83498052390672 4.248263615043733 C71.40366716235914 6.0018979205418965, 75.97099073809748 8.91616857030344, 76.1724051097762 11.670677318054956 C76.3738194814549 14.425186065806471, 72.28388632822278 18.29429575936166, 67.04346675397898 20.775316101552825 C61.803047179735174 23.25633644374399, 52.7672262666557 25.79017276463018, 44.72988766431337 26.556799371201954 C36.692549061971036 27.323425977773727, 26.026055263472163 26.82727558646678, 18.81943513992501 25.37507574098346 C11.612815016377855 23.922875895500137, 4.118617079612937 20.839163101542535, 1.4901669230304506 17.843600298302032 C-1.1382832335520359 14.84803749506153, 0.4076253759978794 10.256844596374352, 3.04873420043009 7.40169892154044 C5.6898430248623 4.546553246706528, 10.55399749769149 1.6831680527584667, 17.336819869623714 0.7127262492985604 C24.119642241555937 -0.25771555416134595, 39.608574720781846 1.493672424746442, 43.745668432023436 1.5790481007810016 C47.882762143265026 1.6644237768155612, 42.48692937972559 1.3648672549643308, 42.15938213707327 1.2249803055059179" style="stroke: rgb(24, 100, 171); 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Events &amp; Transitions</text></g><g transform="translate(654.3203125000025 579.4947916666667)"><text x="0" y="35" font-family="Cascadia" font-size="36px" fill="#000000">4. 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stroke-width: 2; fill: none;"></path></g><g transform="translate(781.343352141203 734.6764322916665)"><path d="M255.5622697178698 -8.828566931229354 C262.3152354772059 -6.1649465633030704, 272.52270835596937 -4.5915296339881975, 283.6881436104049 -0.13055759600206795 M255.5874974955297 -11.058511510532618 C264.4279726960237 -6.550641680951042, 271.47364512589445 -4.128687384921078, 284.7133415857424 -0.799090079281773" style="stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0); stroke-width: 2; fill: none;"></path></g></g><g transform="translate(807.8610026041656 685.2742332175902)"><text x="0" y="14" font-family="Virgil" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">FETCH</text><text x="0" y="34" font-family="Virgil" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">do /</text></g><g transform="translate(850.2915219907413 704.8844039351842)"><text x="0" y="14" font-family="Virgil" font-size="16px" fill="#c92a2a">fetchUser()</text></g><g transform="translate(1085.4674117476866 722.9617332175928)"><text x="0" y="18" font-family="Virgil" font-size="20px" fill="#000000">loading</text></g><g transform="translate(1150.2194733796298 755.8930844907406)"><text x="0" y="14" font-family="Virgil" font-size="16px" fill="#c92a2a">showSpinner()</text></g><g transform="translate(1087.3619791666652 755.4244791666665)"><text x="0" y="14" font-family="Virgil" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">entry /</text><text x="0" y="34" font-family="Virgil" font-size="16px" fill="#000000">exit /</text></g><g transform="translate(1143.451099537037 775.9777199074052)"><text x="0" y="14" font-family="Virgil" font-size="16px" fill="#c92a2a">hideSpinner()</text></g><g><g transform="translate(943.9971064814815 776.3304398148148)"><path d="M1.1715261429548265 -0.46155342757701867 C-6.866037968684129 -8.927230602981128, -39.783073075060514 -43.56262750268716, -47.83048520916041 -51.80219689000533 M-0.29267726875841626 -0.22444023750722408 C-7.982223518554264 -8.879908384190477, -39.622300600428844 -43.24450455748278, -47.73968735010262 -51.41874231170998" style="stroke: rgb(201, 42, 42); 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