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cleanNAs <- function(x){
    if(sum(is.na(x)) == length(x)) {
        x <- NA
    } else
        x <- x[!is.na(x)]
    x
}

dat <- read.csv("testing.csv", header = TRUE)
dat$clean <- apply(dat, 1, cleanNAs)

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get.r2 <- function(mod){
  ll_null <- logLik(glm(model.frame(mod)[,1] ~ 1 + model.frame(mod)[, "cond"], family = "binomial"))
  ll_full <- logLik(mod)
  1 - ll_full/ll_null
}

#' Obtain fit stats based on best threshold
#'
#' @param mod a fitted model
get.coords <- function(mod, x = x){

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Categorical Variables

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# Load the Lock5Data package
library("Lock5Data")

# If you get an error, you need to install Lock5Data
# install.packages("Lock5Data")

################################
# -- Descriptive Statistics -- #
################################

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# lattice add-ons
library(lattice)

#' Wilkinson Dot Plot
#' @param x A single variable
wilkplot <- function(x, ...){
  # create the table
  x.var <- as.numeric(names(table(x)))
  y.var <- c(table(x))
  

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## ----include = FALSE, message = FALSE, warning = FALSE-------------------
library(tidyverse)
cohen.d <- function(samp1, samp2){
    xbar1 <- mean(samp1)
    xbar2 <- mean(samp2)
    n1 <- length(samp1)
    n2 <- length(samp2)
    s1 <- var(samp1)
    s2 <- var(samp2)
    pooled.sd <- sqrt(((n1 - 1)*s1 + (n2 - 1)*s2) / (n1 + n2 - 2))

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## 4.2.1 Exercises ----
pisa <- fread("pisa.csv", na.strings = "")

## 4.3.1 Exercises ----
# 1. Subset all the Female students (ST004D01T) in Germany
germany_fem <- pisa[CNTRYID == "Germany" & ST004D01T == "Female"]

# 2. How many female students are there in Germany?
nrow(germany_fem)

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program exercise
! define constants
real, parameter :: pi = 3.14159
real :: a = 2.0, b = 5.0, c = 3.0, x1, x2, x3

! calculate values 
x1 = (pi / 6.0) * (3 * a ** 2 + 3 * b ** 2 + c ** 2)
x2 = -(2*a / c) * cos(b) * sin(b)
x3 = (-b + sqrt(b**2 - 4 * a * c)) / 2 * a

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# load packages
library(ggplot2)

# true parameters ----
mu_1 <- 2
mu_2 <- 4
sigma2_1 <- 2
sigma2_2 <- 1

# sample size ----

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\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\tcbuselibrary{listings,breakable}

\newtcbox{\mybox}[1][red]{on line,arc=0pt,outer arc=0pt,colback=#1!10!white,colframe=#1!50!black, boxsep=0pt,left=1pt,right=1pt,top=2pt,bottom=2pt, boxrule=0pt,bottomrule=1pt,toprule=1pt}

\newtcbox{\xmybox}[1][red]{on line, arc=7pt,colback=#1!10!white,colframe=#1!50!black, before upper={\rule[-3pt]{0pt}{10pt}},boxrule=1pt, boxsep=0pt,left=6pt,right=6pt,top=2pt,bottom=2pt}