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{ 
"Asia":
   [ "Afghanistan",
     "United Arab Emirates",
     "Armenia",
     "Azerbaijan",
     "Bangladesh",
     "Bahrain",
     "Brunei",
     "Bhutan",

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function coin_change(coinType, coinToChange) {
	if (coinToChange <= 0)
		return 0;

	var arr = [];
	for (var i = 0; i < coinType.length; i++) {
		if (coinToChange >= coinType[i])
			arr.push(1 + coin_change(coinType, (coinToChange - coinType[i])));
	}

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function count(arr, arrLength, target) {
  if (target === 0)
    return 1;
  
  if (target < 0 || (arrLength <= 0 && target >= 1))
    return 0;
  
  return count(arr, arrLength - 1, target) + count(arr, arrLength, target-arr[arrLength - 1]);
}

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class LogicGate:
    def __init__(self,n):
        self.name = n
        self.output = None

    def getName(self):
        return self.name

    def getOutput(self):
        self.output = self.performGateLogic()

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# Euclid's algoithm
def gcd(m, n):
  while m % n != 0:
    oldm = m
    oldn = n

    m = oldn
    n = oldm % oldn
  return n

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# The Three Laws of Recursion 
# 1. A recursive algorithm must have a base case.
# 2. A recursive algorithm must change its state and move toward the base case.
# 3. A recursive algorithm must call itself, recursively.

# Reverse String
def reverse(s):
  if len(s) == 0 or len(s) == 1: # first law
    return s
  else:

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class Stack:
  def __init__(self):
    self.items = []
    
  def isEmpty(self):
    return self.items == []
    
  def push(self, item):
    self.items.append(item)
    

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class Queue:
  def __init__(self):
    self.items = []
    
  def isEmpty(self):
    return self.items == []
    
  def enqueue(self, item):
    self.items.insert(0, item)
    

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class Deque:
  def __init__(self):
    self.items = []
    
  def isEmpty(self):
    return self.items == []
    
  def addFront(self, item):
    self.items.append(item)
    

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class Node:
  # constructor
  def __init__(self, initdata):
    self.data = initdata
    self.next = None
  
  # get value from node
  def getData(self):
    return self.data