Determine if a number is perfect, abundant, or deficient based on Nicomachus' (60 - 120 CE) classification scheme for natural numbers.
The Greek mathematican Nicomachus devised a classification scheme for natural numbers, identifying each as belonging uniquely to the categories of perfect, abundant, or deficient based on their aliquot sum. The aliquot sum is defined as the sum of the factors of a number not including the number itself. For example, the aliquot sum of 15 is (1 + 3 + 5) = 9
- Perfect: aliquot sum = number
- 6 is a perfect number because (1 + 2 + 3) = 6
 - 28 is a perfect number because (1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14) = 28
 
 - Abundant: aliquot sum > number