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i => j1 = 2*i           0 => 0     1 => 2    2 => 4
     j2 = 2*i+1         0 => 1     1 => 3    2 => 5

i = j//2                0 => 0     2 => 1    4 => 2
                        1 => 0     3 => 1    5 => 2


i => j1 = 2*i + 1       0 => 1    1 => 3    2 => 5
 j2 = 2*i + 2 0 => 2 1 => 4 2 => 6

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Description

As everybody knows, execve() system call replaces a calling process image with a new process image. At the same time the file descriptors table remains the same.

The idea of this example is to show how launched via execve() processes can access file descriptors from their parent.

The parent process creates 4 pipes (unidirectional data flows) for stdin/stdout streams of its two children. Then the parent forks itself twice to spawn its children. Each child process binds corresponding pipes to its stdin & stdout and then runs child executable via execl(). To simplify the example, child processes also explicitly shares their stdin file descriptors between each other via command line argument. In the end parent is able to read from children stdouts and write to their stdins, while children are able to write to sibling's stdins (see the schema below).

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#include <chrono>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#define SIZE_MEDIUM 4096
#define SIZE_LARGE  16*4096
#define ITER_COUNT  100000
using namespace std;
using namespace std::chrono;

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def next_row(prev_row):
        row = [prev_row[0]] * (len(prev_row) + 1)
        for idx in range(len(prev_row) - 1):
            row[idx + 1] = (prev_row[idx] + prev_row[idx + 1])
        return row

def binomial(n, k, cache=None):
    """ Calculates binomial coefficients using Pascal's triangle.
  
        0             1

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  Input   | Py2 | Py3
----------+-----+-----
   5/2    |  2  | 2.5
----------+-----+-----
   5//2   |  2  |  2
----------+-----+-----
  5.0/2   | 2.5 | 2.5
----------+-----+-----
  5.0//2  | 2.0 | 2.0
----------+-----+-----

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Run:

grep "07/May/2016" app_access.log | goaccess -a --log-format '%h %^[%d:%t %^] "%r" %s %b "%R" "%u"' --date-format '%d/%b/%Y' --time-format '%H:%M:%S' > goaccess_may07.html

More here

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sample = [5, 3, 1, 2, 4]
n = len(sample)
mean = sum(sample)/n
median = (sample[n//2 - (n + 1)%2] + sample[n//2])/2
stddev = (sum((e - mean)**2 for e in sample)/n)**0.5
cnt = {}
for e in sample:
    cnt[e] = cnt.get(e, 0)
    cnt[e] += 1   
mode = sorted(cnt.keys(), key=lambda e: (cnt[e], -e))[-1]

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import sys
from asyncio import coroutine, sleep
from aiohttp import web

@coroutine
def handle(request):
    seconds = float(request.match_info.get('seconds', 1))
    yield from sleep(seconds)
    text = "You've been waiting for {} seconds".format(seconds)
    return web.Response(body=text.encode('utf-8'))

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try:
    from http.cookies import SimpleCookie
except ImportError:
    from Cookie import SimpleCookie

headers = ('Set-Cookie: foo=bar; Domain=example.com; Path=/some/path',
           'Set-Cookie: baz=42; Domain=example.com; Expires=Thu, 12-Jan-2017 13:55:08 GMT; Path=/')

cookies = SimpleCookie('\r\n'.join(headers))

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""" Inspired by http://flask.pocoo.org/snippets/40/ """

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.url_defaults
def hashed_url_for_static_file(endpoint, values):
    if 'static' == endpoint or endpoint.endswith('.static'):
        filename = values.get('filename')
        if filename:
            if '.' in endpoint:  # has higher priority