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jjsantos01/01_ruby_basico.ipynb

Created May 11, 2023 21:21
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My notes from the Basic Ruby course in CodigoFacilito
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01_ruby_basico.ipynb
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "71c07a77-4c64-42c1-89bc-b896b4246195",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Impresión en terminal"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"id": "326cf5bd-7998-4e0f-8034-5c4367e1296c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hola mundo, esto es Ruby\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"puts \"Hola mundo, esto es Ruby\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"id": "9874b903-c73b-46f9-b573-04990ea87a51",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"En terminal ejecutaríamos: ruby hola_mundo.rb\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"puts \"En terminal ejecutaríamos: ruby hola_mundo.rb\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"id": "b591d375-1fff-48b1-8ccb-155954f7b498",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Juan\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"nombre = \"Juan\"\n",
"puts nombre"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "2161c4bd-270e-4582-8137-4243d9d911b7",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"* También existe `print()`. Se diferencia de `puts` porque este último añade un salto de línea al final, pero `print` no"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"id": "47f6e133-dc22-4b3c-be78-54e457049f1e",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"JuanSantos"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print \"Juan\"\n",
"print \"Santos\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"id": "b8088ed0-103f-4747-aca4-416661045623",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Juan\n",
"Santos\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"puts \"Juan\"\n",
"puts \"Santos\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "2ee0108f-5a47-4b03-8b2d-c98597ca2088",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Números"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"id": "697cd51c-9600-45e8-a00e-056eed56b700",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"40.0"
]
},
"execution_count": 6,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"20 * 2.0"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 8,
"id": "a361d3e6-c89e-4afa-b0e6-0d0054edd563",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"3"
]
},
"execution_count": 8,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# hace división entero entre enteros\n",
"10 / 3"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 9,
"id": "232fd9e8-abb4-4926-a6ed-fee85d3c4370",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"3.3333333333333335"
]
},
"execution_count": 9,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"10.0 / 3.0"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 10,
"id": "c7dd9195-45bc-40c5-8667-9cc20678cded",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"10.0"
]
},
"execution_count": 10,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# Convertir a flotante\n",
"10.to_f"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 11,
"id": "c20dde12-e6d4-4a4f-9e29-f814f9f858c7",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"12"
]
},
"execution_count": 11,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# convertir a entero\n",
"12.5.to_i"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 12,
"id": "30e301cf-ab05-495b-b0d0-45883d1ae317",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"10"
]
},
"execution_count": 12,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"-10.abs"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 14,
"id": "d39b094f-3558-4c94-bfa6-5401e3fc3067",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"false"
]
},
"execution_count": 14,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"3.even?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 15,
"id": "76eaa566-07e3-438e-8934-378d62c4764a",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"3"
]
},
"execution_count": 15,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"2.next"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "23fbc3b0-e0db-45eb-a3d4-26da116378a9",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# String"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 16,
"id": "8e3e0046-5917-45ba-9fb1-468a2c3d59ab",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"Hola mundo\""
]
},
"execution_count": 16,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\"Hola mundo\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 17,
"id": "413c398d-28e6-4bb9-bcf6-7bfcf4df7201",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"Hola mundo\""
]
},
"execution_count": 17,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"'Hola mundo'"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 18,
"id": "882c8b41-0f3d-4dbf-8ec2-9316c580a40a",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"'Hola' mundo\""
]
},
"execution_count": 18,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\"'Hola' mundo\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 5,
"id": "bcf90e8b-e969-4795-9bbe-85fc066a4dec",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"Hola Juan\""
]
},
"execution_count": 5,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# se concatena con +\n",
"nombre = 'Juan'\n",
"\"Hola \" + nombre"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 21,
"id": "81e0de9d-52ff-4629-b06b-5dfeef41fd24",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"Hola Juan\""
]
},
"execution_count": 21,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# interpolaciones\n",
"\"Hola #{ nombre }\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 22,
"id": "30f5acdb-f81e-4419-a750-cc9f28d6f3ec",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"Hola 4\""
]
},
"execution_count": 22,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\"Hola #{ 2 + 2 }\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 23,
"id": "00ab6ae4-0ba3-46a8-9f15-0b48d945a36c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"Hola JUAN\""
]
},
"execution_count": 23,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\"Hola #{ nombre.upcase }\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "17a47e73-619d-4b00-877f-5a158fadc188",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"* IMPORTANTE: las interpolaciones solo funcionan con \", pero no con '"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"id": "02afe8ed-e110-4eb4-9fa4-50c40e1dcc6e",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"Hola \\#{ nombre.upcase }\""
]
},
"execution_count": 6,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"'Hola #{ nombre.upcase }'"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 25,
"id": "db1a0c10-6fca-41b4-8e97-67666635afec",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"juan\""
]
},
"execution_count": 25,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\"JUAN\".downcase"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 35,
"id": "3427eccf-88bd-41e5-a96f-3e461ac54ca8",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Juan \n",
" \n",
" \n",
" \tSantos\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"puts \"Juan \\n \\n \\n \\tSantos\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 41,
"id": "1fe0d40e-695a-4eb7-bd54-ad64d8a5e77f",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"2\n",
"3.0\n",
"11\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"puts \"2\".to_i # convierte string a entero\n",
"puts \"3\".to_f # convierte string a flotante\n",
"puts 11.to_s # convierte entero a string"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "305f528e-1ed3-4b99-9f46-e1ad0d1714c9",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# IO"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 46,
"id": "221a6402-7598-4ff2-a0c0-935dba734b74",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\" \\\"iopub_port\\\": 63116,\\n\""
]
},
"execution_count": 46,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# No funciona dentro del notebook\n",
"nombre = gets"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 51,
"id": "6f1dd47e-6e65-4f0b-878d-f888e4850ec8",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hola tu nombre \"iopub_port\": 63116, tiene 22\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"nombre = nombre.chomp # Quita salto de línea al final\n",
"puts \"Hola tu nombre #{nombre} tiene #{ nombre.length }\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "a3858d5e-a558-423f-8596-b2fef44e9d58",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Sintaxis"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 57,
"id": "a218e19c-a5c5-42f5-834f-b36d834ecf51",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"4"
]
},
"execution_count": 57,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"=begin\n",
"Esto es un comentario multilinea\n",
"a = 1\n",
"b=2\n",
"c=3\n",
"=end\n",
"# Normalmente se usa # en lugar de begin, end\n",
"d = 4"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "c22ef36b-de92-4c47-b7fc-4e12bab136e4",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"* En ruby los paréntesis son opcionales\n",
" * Sin paréntesis cuando pertenece a DSL (domain specific Language)\n",
" * Con paréntesis para los demás para pasar parámetros"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "c19847ea-c7ea-462c-ae7e-c2f4c68a126a",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Operadores de comparación"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 58,
"id": "67629819-a70c-40c2-b8a7-a2f70c2ee1d0",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"false"
]
},
"execution_count": 58,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"2 > 3"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 62,
"id": "22b9cf28-559b-4d09-a851-ea1c25e2a4b9",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"false"
]
},
"execution_count": 62,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"2 >= 3"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 63,
"id": "daa1237e-c552-4858-a9bd-8f56c48148c3",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"false"
]
},
"execution_count": 63,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"2 == 3"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 77,
"id": "9d8c580e-4009-487c-894c-b36d8035b7af",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"true"
]
},
"execution_count": 77,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"2 != 3"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 69,
"id": "d8f81d81-635e-49d6-8980-00ee19736373",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"-1"
]
},
"execution_count": 69,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# operador de comparación combinado: retorna 10 si son iguales, 1 si el de la izquierda es mayor y -1 si el de la derecha es mayor\n",
"1 <=> 2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 70,
"id": "0443ca9e-416d-4f6b-a326-38a9553d7c72",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"true"
]
},
"execution_count": 70,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"2 != 3"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 72,
"id": "8760dbe5-bc03-4b18-b123-44f2e7d333f1",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"false"
]
},
"execution_count": 72,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\"Juan\" == \"juan\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 76,
"id": "7adf393b-3f17-42a4-9931-ea89e800176c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"72640\n",
"72660\n",
"false\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"puts \"juan\".object_id\n",
"puts \"juan\".object_id\n",
"puts \"juan\".equal?(\"juan\") # compara el object id"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "e819f91b-31d7-4529-b114-f1a6a965b8ff",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Operadores aritméticos"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 85,
"id": "5f9e4ef2-b3d1-43f3-b92e-735476f00441",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"15\n",
"5\n",
"50\n",
"2\n",
"0\n",
"100000\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"x = 10\n",
"y = 5\n",
"puts x + y\n",
"puts x - y\n",
"puts x * y\n",
"puts x / y\n",
"puts x % y\n",
"puts x ** y"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "35e490cc-2fb7-433b-bcc4-ef2f32eb43a7",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Operadores lógicos"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 86,
"id": "854841f3-0305-4cfc-b587-89d3ca66c0f1",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"true"
]
},
"execution_count": 86,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"(10 > 5) && (5 < 8)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 87,
"id": "d2949a85-d8b8-428e-8004-713556b7d5fc",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"true"
]
},
"execution_count": 87,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"(10 > 5) || (5 < 8)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 88,
"id": "a216f085-5a5f-4e18-ab42-f3bf06db4365",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"true"
]
},
"execution_count": 88,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"(10 > 5) || (jdjhhdgf) # SI la primera es cierta, lo segundo no se evalúa"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 91,
"id": "b628a5b2-a6c2-48b6-8db7-802e46a7264d",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"false"
]
},
"execution_count": 91,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"!true"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 92,
"id": "6503ee36-b6eb-48a4-ad18-b0432c5efcc6",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"false"
]
},
"execution_count": 92,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"not true"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "0500c3da-bf58-4145-9fcc-90f7694260dc",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Condicionales"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 102,
"id": "2786c089-cd8e-4d7d-a67e-dd41fc372ae0",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Numero uno es 1 y número dos es 4\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"numero_1 = 1\n",
"numero_2 = 4\n",
"puts \"Numero uno es #{numero_1} y número dos es #{numero_2}\"\n",
"\n",
"if numero_1 > numero_2\n",
" puts \"#{numero_1} es mayor que #{numero_2}\"\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 105,
"id": "c4183330-4845-4ad6-822c-c8782a724873",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"puts \"#{numero_1} es mayor que #{numero_2}\" if numero_1 > numero_2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 108,
"id": "6c25f4d6-0894-4ad6-9ac5-dc92e683f895",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"1 es menor que 4\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"if numero_1 > numero_2\n",
" puts \"#{numero_1} es mayor que #{numero_2}\"\n",
"elsif numero_1 == numero_2\n",
" puts \"#{numero_1} es igual a #{numero_2}\"\n",
"else\n",
" puts \"#{numero_1} es menor que #{numero_2}\"\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 112,
"id": "3c38badd-5b76-4cf0-a4d3-5336581168e5",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Lo contrario de if\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"unless numero_1 > numero_2 # unless es lo contrario de if, evalúa si es falso\n",
" puts \"Lo contrario de if\"\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "5c341162-3733-429b-b382-7243f970ede9",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Operador ternario"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 114,
"id": "7ec164d5-7bc7-496b-98c9-55c6de4d799f",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Tutor\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"user = \"juan\"\n",
"if user == \"juan\"\n",
" puts \"Tutor\"\n",
"else\n",
" puts \"visitante\"\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 115,
"id": "8bd2fb10-7866-4fa1-8f72-2be5814e45a5",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Tutor\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"puts (if user == \"juan\" then puts \"Tutor\" else puts \"visitante\" end)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "17e05000-8531-4aba-a2b5-33d0c147eff1",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"puts (if user == \"juan\" then puts \"Tutor\" else puts \"visitante\" end)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 120,
"id": "469a1aab-a1ef-496a-8881-17e2b8e62819",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Tutor\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"puts user == \"juan\" ? \"Tutor\" : \"Vistante\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "18c4b9c1-7fb1-4987-8f26-97e1585b5b14",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Case"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 125,
"id": "677982dc-aa39-44b4-b47b-0ca1e7c7b545",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Normal\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"calificacion = 6\n",
"puts case calificacion\n",
"when 10, 9\n",
" \"muy bien\"\n",
"when 8, 7\n",
" \"bien\"\n",
"when 6\n",
" \"Normal\"\n",
"else\n",
" \"uwu\"\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "b41b3bca-0e51-442e-b7fd-a65000925f87",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Arreglos"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 8,
"id": "a79c74a9-1600-4032-a7a1-2e3fcdc31797",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, \"juan\", true]"
]
},
"execution_count": 8,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"arreglo = [1, \"juan\", true]\n",
"arreglo"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 9,
"id": "ccde394c-9486-40d2-818e-cb6bc7977e80",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[nil, nil, nil, nil, nil]"
]
},
"execution_count": 9,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"arreglo_dos = Array.new(5)\n",
"arreglo_dos"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 11,
"id": "eed193ce-d4e1-4e12-9e2a-273ad0953ab8",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"juan\""
]
},
"execution_count": 11,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"arreglo[1]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 12,
"id": "fb5f0855-d3d5-48fc-8db7-c95b11dd09e5",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"arreglo[5] # retorna nil si la posición no existe dentro del arreglo"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 141,
"id": "70dce416-5ef8-41b1-bb8c-5bdb45ece9df",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[\"1\", \"40\", \"'juan\", \"J'\"]"
]
},
"execution_count": 141,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"arreglo = %w[1 40 'juan J'] # si no quieres separar elemento usando comas. OJO: retorna todos los elementos en string"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 13,
"id": "21f2963b-0bc5-4e3e-85b6-bd47ba1602db",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, \"juan\", true, \"hola\", 3]"
]
},
"execution_count": 13,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"arreglo << \"hola\" # añade elemento dentro del arreglo en la última posición\n",
"arreglo << 3"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 75,
"id": "fb726db7-b0ab-4769-94ff-d2d246ca3505",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"1\n",
"2\n",
"3\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"# unpack\n",
"a, b, c = [1, 2, 3]\n",
"puts a, b, c"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "81b78b78-5a57-4a8e-81cf-2103ee7c392a",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## iteradores de arreglos"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 13,
"id": "5cb0f7bb-8384-4e13-9e0c-c090d8cb0ce8",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Ahora calificacion vale: 1\n",
"Ahora calificacion vale: 2\n",
"Ahora calificacion vale: 4\n",
"Ahora calificacion vale: 10\n",
"Ahora calificacion vale: 8\n",
"Ahora calificacion vale: 7\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 4, 10, 8, 7]"
]
},
"execution_count": 13,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"calificaciones = [1, 2, 4, 10, 8, 7]\n",
"calificaciones.each do |calificacion|\n",
" puts \"Ahora calificacion vale: #{calificacion}\"\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "784e4163-78f7-4866-bc06-1f739aa84a2f",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"* También lo puedo escribir como:"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 16,
"id": "1b72a763-5ee5-43e6-80d6-03a506fc6112",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Ahora calificacion vale: 1\n",
"Ahora calificacion vale: 2\n",
"Ahora calificacion vale: 4\n",
"Ahora calificacion vale: 10\n",
"Ahora calificacion vale: 8\n",
"Ahora calificacion vale: 7\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 4, 10, 8, 7]"
]
},
"execution_count": 16,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"calificaciones.each { |calificacion| puts \"Ahora calificacion vale: #{calificacion}\"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 14,
"id": "a3615681-979a-4d98-922f-546b28591634",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Ahora calificacion vale: 1 y está en la posición 0\n",
"Ahora calificacion vale: 2 y está en la posición 1\n",
"Ahora calificacion vale: 4 y está en la posición 2\n",
"Ahora calificacion vale: 10 y está en la posición 3\n",
"Ahora calificacion vale: 8 y está en la posición 4\n",
"Ahora calificacion vale: 7 y está en la posición 5\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 4, 10, 8, 7]"
]
},
"execution_count": 14,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"calificaciones.each_with_index do |calificacion, posicion|\n",
" puts \"Ahora calificacion vale: #{calificacion} y está en la posición #{posicion}\"\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 15,
"id": "77e1d00e-3364-4a5d-a246-6be3391b25e8",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"El promedio es 5.333333333333333\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"suma = 0\n",
"calificaciones.each do |calificacion|\n",
" suma += calificacion\n",
"end\n",
"puts \"El promedio es #{ suma.to_f / calificaciones.length }\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "502eee4e-e32c-45f6-842c-595c6ae1eb4a",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"source": [
"## Métodos de arreglos"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "2bd4939e-771e-4882-b146-6e5a7b6b94c4",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### multiplicación por entero"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 150,
"id": "6f531ee5-783c-4243-b48d-81cf01513d1c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 4, 10, 8, 7, 1, 2, 4, 10, 8, 7]"
]
},
"execution_count": 150,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"calificaciones * 2 # replica n veces los elementos del arreglo"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "32f1fd07-9925-4d36-80ef-f7f5bb916f4a",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### join"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 153,
"id": "cf11f05c-0ea6-4a66-9c53-b239d25150ce",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"1,2,4,10,8,7\""
]
},
"execution_count": 153,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"calificaciones.join(\",\") # retorna un string concatenando todos los elementos usando un caracter como separador"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "d7ff1dd2-a737-471b-b275-cc00a0931a48",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### sort"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 154,
"id": "97d4be61-9d7d-493c-8156-3db22dbfecf3",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 10]"
]
},
"execution_count": 154,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"calificaciones.sort # ordena de forma ascendente"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "c09b1468-d0c8-4895-afca-8d9363bab976",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### reverse"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 156,
"id": "a2570c1d-8984-48be-9769-043cf819b476",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[7, 8, 10, 4, 2, 1]"
]
},
"execution_count": 156,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"calificaciones.reverse # Retorna los elementos en el orden inverso"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 159,
"id": "9310051b-6ca9-4830-9407-7d56ba52b03f",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[10, 8, 7, 4, 2, 1]"
]
},
"execution_count": 159,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"calificaciones.sort.reverse # ordena de forma descendente"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "f8843a4d-094f-4730-86e3-61818b836560",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### include?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"id": "848d15f7-3bc8-4bb8-9116-6d2283942034",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"false"
]
},
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"calificaciones.include?(6) # verifica si elemento está incluído"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "5d1ae840-8ade-4b24-8086-597a738d4134",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### first & last"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"id": "0ca43d2d-08b2-4aa1-995d-5d196aebd298",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 3,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"calificaciones.first # primer elemento"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"id": "9429328d-ba0e-4b7e-91e0-2eb3345dfa42",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"7"
]
},
"execution_count": 4,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"calificaciones.last # ultimo elemento"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "7e046622-07c7-4dd3-80c2-b7126acd03a5",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### index"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 66,
"id": "52dec17b-6122-424a-a888-4c4ed5cce6e9",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"3"
]
},
"execution_count": 66,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"calificaciones.index(10) # retorna el índice del elemento especificado"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "559514f7-7597-42ee-b20b-6d83cf5c79bb",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### uniq"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"id": "fb3db2a6-8710-4132-8ac9-8d4eb40fbd0b",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 4, 10, 8, 7]"
]
},
"execution_count": 6,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"calificaciones.uniq # solo elementos unicos"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "cea66c99-1ed4-4e4c-9f60-57b2b706b27b",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### sample"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 37,
"id": "ef895b77-44de-4657-80b4-5fb9910d4ff2",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 37,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"calificaciones.sample # retorna un elemento aleatorio"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "b0d27cf5-404e-4081-baac-10637a890713",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### min & max "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 88,
"id": "3f546788-399c-4e6d-b851-02eba37ce7b0",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"10"
]
},
"execution_count": 88,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"calificaciones.max # retorna el valor máximo"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 65,
"id": "0afe94c6-fab7-4e72-a7b9-bc86bae11c55",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 65,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"calificaciones.min # retorna el valor mínimo"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "7d9ca7ae-4d7a-4b6b-a886-71f375fef2fd",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### map (collect)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 45,
"id": "b396ea50-4ef0-4a4c-9669-08af2d79eccb",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 4, 16, 100, 64, 49]"
]
},
"execution_count": 45,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"calificaciones.map {|num| num ** 2} # aplica una función a cada elemento del array"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 49,
"id": "96122efd-c7b9-4367-8092-73025a83f6e4",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 4, 16, 100, 64, 49]"
]
},
"execution_count": 49,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"calificaciones.collect {|num| num ** 2} # collect funciona igual que map"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "4692124f-a3f1-4677-9362-c247accac257",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### select, reject, & partition"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "1e9e30d4-ca3c-43a2-a603-de02aaff46b2",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"calificaciones.select {|cal| cal >= 5} # retorna los elementos que cumplen con cierta condición"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 70,
"id": "e617b4dc-6e50-4bbd-adea-9bc2053eeef1",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 4]"
]
},
"execution_count": 70,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# retorna los elementos que NO cumplen con cierta condición, lo opuesto de select\n",
"calificaciones.reject {|cal| cal >= 5}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 72,
"id": "8e4d3290-e190-4130-ace9-a2a994fd47ae",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[[10, 8, 7], [1, 2, 4]]"
]
},
"execution_count": 72,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# retorna un arreglo con 2 arreglos: los elementos que cumplen la condición y oro arreglo con los que no\n",
"calificaciones.partition {|cal| cal >= 5} "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "5d8d2462-5284-4873-b2f6-e72a34c57a99",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### find"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 76,
"id": "e2b19c4b-9aab-469d-b3e4-d5b0935fde96",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"10"
]
},
"execution_count": 76,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# selecciona el primer elemento que cumple con cierta condición\n",
"calificaciones.find {|cal| cal >= 5} "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "0155f1ce-9bf6-4361-91f6-991beb8971e1",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### any & all"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 79,
"id": "d2db402c-12c4-4568-83f4-14ae3cfae5d8",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"true"
]
},
"execution_count": 79,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# verifica si alguno de los elementos cumple con cierta condición\n",
"calificaciones.any? {|cal| cal >= 5} "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 78,
"id": "80108f9f-f777-43ab-acc7-fffd70b200da",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"false"
]
},
"execution_count": 78,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# verifica si todos los elementos cumple con cierta condición\n",
"calificaciones.all? {|cal| cal >= 5} "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "dc716cd7-8888-41d4-bab6-d7618606fcb9",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### compact"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 81,
"id": "d0be74f8-9963-493b-9c8f-6c0dcf268531",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 4, 6]"
]
},
"execution_count": 81,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# retorna un array removiendo todos los nil\n",
"arr_1 = [1, 2, nil, 4, 6, nil]\n",
"arr_1.compact"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "9d35e65b-5f60-46cf-9643-14897fb797e0",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### reduce (inject)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 89,
"id": "f1e4fc18-d5b3-4076-b0cf-a46f4e7a937f",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"4480"
]
},
"execution_count": 89,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# determina como operar dos elementos consecutivos del array acumulativamente\n",
"calificaciones.reduce(1) {|prev, current| prev * current}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "d91fb02e-02bd-440e-a05f-7277ff7d8ea3",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### concat\n",
"* concatena 2 arrays, modifica el objeto original"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 91,
"id": "48415d3c-cb12-4b58-896a-320b563e28e0",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[4, 5, 6]"
]
},
"execution_count": 91,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"arr_1 = [1, 2, 3]\n",
"arr_2 = [4, 5, 6]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 92,
"id": "d9bc3f5a-3296-4851-8e07-32e4ac5f1d70",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]"
]
},
"execution_count": 92,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"arr_1.concat(arr_2)\n",
"arr_1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "0333f5d9-2b29-4916-859a-a65187bbc65b",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### zip"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 95,
"id": "56e450f8-aa69-4026-885e-fec71f089f29",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[[1, 4], [2, 5], [3, 6]]"
]
},
"execution_count": 95,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# conforma pares de arrays basados en la posiciónd e cada array individual\n",
"arr_1 = [1, 2, 3]\n",
"arr_2 = [4, 5, 6]\n",
"arr_1.zip(arr_2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "a585183c-f8e1-4b0a-a597-b5fcb17a4e61",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### union"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 99,
"id": "3e7c784f-14a0-4033-9e1d-bf70fb21d559",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 3, 5]"
]
},
"execution_count": 99,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# concatena 2 arrays y conserva solo los elementos únicos\n",
"arr_1 = [1, 2, 3]\n",
"arr_2 = [1, 5, 2]\n",
"arr_1.union(arr_2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 105,
"id": "573165f1-9751-4eb9-9d55-4614394d7bf8",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 3, 5]"
]
},
"execution_count": 105,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# también se puede usar símbolo |\n",
"arr_1 | arr_2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "02ebe362-1364-49a0-b4ad-dd637e80d3f5",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### difference"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 102,
"id": "95fe92ff-81b3-4fa0-ab85-dbb8283e196a",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[3]"
]
},
"execution_count": 102,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# elimina de un array los elementos que están presente en otros\n",
"arr_1 = [1, 2, 3]\n",
"arr_2 = [1, 5, 2]\n",
"arr_1.difference(arr_2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 101,
"id": "d88174e8-d22a-469d-906a-ab6c1b722ae3",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[3]"
]
},
"execution_count": 101,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# también se puede usar símbolo -\n",
"arr_1 - arr_2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "2ea99bcf-e091-4ae3-988a-e298ed4a40c7",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### intersection"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 103,
"id": "45877f56-325c-4bd4-88a2-fe07e9de0d66",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2]"
]
},
"execution_count": 103,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# retorna los elementos en común que tienen 2 arrays\n",
"arr_1 = [1, 2, 3]\n",
"arr_2 = [1, 5, 2]\n",
"arr_1.intersection(arr_2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 104,
"id": "02b186b2-2299-4bb4-a3bc-e00f8638fff6",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2]"
]
},
"execution_count": 104,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# también se puede ejecutar con símbolo &\n",
"arr_1 & arr_2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "b2ded04c-1ab9-43d6-b0ca-9b964c5283eb",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Rangos"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 14,
"id": "9a1cde10-2e80-4ae2-8a3b-0d66381a455c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"1\n",
"2\n",
"3\n",
"4\n",
"5\n",
"6\n",
"7\n",
"8\n",
"9\n",
"10\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1..10"
]
},
"execution_count": 14,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"numeros = (1..10) # los rangos no son arreglos!\n",
"numeros.each do |numero|\n",
" puts numero\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 16,
"id": "43388403-a020-44e3-a5ad-f269c1a5d1de",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"1\n",
"3\n",
"5\n",
"7\n",
"9\n",
"11\n",
"13\n",
"15\n",
"17\n",
"19\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"((1..20).step(2))"
]
},
"execution_count": 16,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"(1..20).step(2).each do |numero| # cada 2 números\n",
" puts numero\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 24,
"id": "b3ec97b5-5713-40cd-8ca4-4bdc40a9ce54",
"metadata": {
"scrolled": true,
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z,"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"a\"..\"z\""
]
},
"execution_count": 24,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"('a'..'z').each do |numero| # también funciona con strings\n",
" print numero + ','\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 28,
"id": "773be8b3-5c94-4519-b0fa-2703a7744dd0",
"metadata": {
"scrolled": true,
"tags": []
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"1\n",
"20\n",
"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20][\"ma\", \"mb\", \"mc\", \"md\"]"
]
}
],
"source": [
"puts (1..20).min # mínimo\n",
"puts (1..20).max # Máximo\n",
"print (1..20).to_a # Convierte en arreglo\n",
"print ('ma'..'md').to_a"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "44ac6f1f-f25b-44dd-a07c-4045f99ff362",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Otros iteradores"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "014b6b16-f48d-44c6-8225-aad8a04dd621",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## While y until"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 30,
"id": "5de8576e-a44f-4832-aa65-d41cbe791fd8",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"0\n",
"1\n",
"2\n",
"3\n",
"4\n",
"5\n",
"6\n",
"7\n",
"8\n",
"9\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"i = 0\n",
"while i < 10\n",
" puts i\n",
" i += 1\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 37,
"id": "67aaa2e3-676d-4609-abc7-7073e85ccae9",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"0\n",
"1\n",
"2\n",
"3\n",
"4\n",
"5\n",
"6\n",
"7\n",
"8\n",
"9\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"# until es lo contrario a while\n",
"i = 0\n",
"until i == 10\n",
" puts i\n",
" i += 1\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 41,
"id": "064e65bf-0b67-4f99-bb79-8dcf9a83eeac",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"-3\n",
"-2\n",
"-1\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"# do while: Garantiza que el bloque de código se correrá al menos una vez\n",
"numero = -3\n",
"begin\n",
" puts numero\n",
" numero += 1\n",
"end while numero < 0"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "893bb8e1-4f6e-44b7-bd95-6aaf667809fb",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## `break` keyword\n",
" * Forza el loop a detenerse, puede ser un each loop o while"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 55,
"id": "6b2f956c-a957-4912-886c-4996fcac0f59",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"1\n",
"4\n",
"36\n",
"Aquí me detengo\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"cals = [1, 2, 6, \"jj\", 8, 90]\n",
"cals.each do |num|\n",
" if num.is_a?(Fixnum)\n",
" puts \"#{num ** 2}\"\n",
" else\n",
" puts \"Aquí me detengo\"\n",
" break\n",
" end\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 53,
"id": "94466edf-c401-4139-9411-48bfdbdbd61f",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"No encontramos a Javier!\n",
"No encontramos a Javier!\n",
"encontramos a Javier!\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"nombres = [\"Juan\", \"Juan\", \"Javier\", \"Juan\", \"Juan\"]\n",
"i = 0\n",
"while i < nombres.length\n",
" current = nombres[i]\n",
" if current == \"Javier\"\n",
" puts \"encontramos a #{current}!\"\n",
" break\n",
" else\n",
" puts \"No encontramos a Javier!\"\n",
" end\n",
" i += 1\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "2cc5fca5-6cd1-46df-b456-f6b59212bfb2",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## `next` keyword\n",
"* al invocarse, el loop detiene la ejecución de la iteración del elemento actual e inicia con el elemento siguiente"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 56,
"id": "26103fe1-b5a8-4eae-9cc9-ff0a6fd2d45c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"1\n",
"4\n",
"36\n",
"64\n",
"8100\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[1, 2, 6, \"jj\", 8, 90]"
]
},
"execution_count": 56,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"cals = [1, 2, 6, \"jj\", 8, 90]\n",
"cals.each do |num|\n",
" unless num.is_a?(Fixnum)\n",
" next\n",
" else\n",
" puts \"#{num ** 2}\"\n",
" end\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "325b343c-f045-4412-b860-61fb7bd57dba",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Times"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 47,
"id": "bbccc602-c6b7-4cdb-87e6-146a9a20eb92",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"1\n",
"2\n",
"3\n",
"4\n",
"5\n",
"6\n",
"7\n",
"8\n",
"9\n",
"10\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"10"
]
},
"execution_count": 47,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# el ciclo se definirá n veces. Si es un número, la variable del ciclo irá aumentando en 1\n",
"10.times do |i|\n",
" puts i + 1\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 48,
"id": "e99a3eb0-2610-469c-92d2-2a5019562081",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"imprime esto\n",
"imprime esto\n",
"imprime esto\n",
"imprime esto\n",
"imprime esto\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"5"
]
},
"execution_count": 48,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"5.times do\n",
" puts \"imprime esto\"\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "953934b0-1619-401c-b222-b126e5a44670",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Upto y downto"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 49,
"id": "d0c47b5e-ec7d-49d2-bba3-964e3ee52bb1",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"1\n",
"2\n",
"3\n",
"4\n",
"5\n",
"6\n",
"7\n",
"8\n",
"9\n",
"10\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 49,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"1.upto(10) do |i|\n",
" puts i\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 50,
"id": "a47380ac-067b-4bcb-b5b2-b11aebfc2613",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"10\n",
"9\n",
"8\n",
"7\n",
"6\n",
"5\n",
"4\n",
"3\n",
"2\n",
"1\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"10"
]
},
"execution_count": 50,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"10.downto(1) do |i|\n",
" puts i\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "1aa47264-86c6-452b-9c77-92bf1a8c9aca",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Métodos de string"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 10,
"id": "5f738c3c-aab7-419f-83d6-eaef44f5862a",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[:unicode_normalized?, :encode!, :unicode_normalize, :ascii_only?, :unicode_normalize!, :to_r, :to_c, :encode, :pretty_print, :include?, :%, :*, :+, :unpack, :unpack1, :count, :partition, :+@, :-@, :<=>, :<<, :sum, :==, :===, :next, :=~, :[], :[]=, :empty?, :casecmp, :eql?, :insert, :casecmp?, :match?, :bytesize, :match, :next!, :succ!, :index, :upto, :replace, :rindex, :chr, :clear, :byteslice, :getbyte, :setbyte, :freeze, :scrub, :scrub!, :dump, :inspect, :intern, :upcase, :downcase, :capitalize, :swapcase, :upcase!, :undump, :length, :size, :downcase!, :succ, :swapcase!, :hex, :capitalize!, :split, :chars, :oct, :grapheme_clusters, :concat, :codepoints, :lines, :bytes, :to_str, :end_with?, :start_with?, :reverse, :reverse!, :sub, :to_s, :to_i, :to_f, :rjust, :center, :prepend, :crypt, :ord, :chomp, :strip, :to_sym, :ljust, :delete_prefix, :delete_suffix, :lstrip, :gsub, :scan, :chomp!, :sub!, :gsub!, :rstrip, :delete_prefix!, :chop, :lstrip!, :rstrip!, :chop!, :delete_suffix!, :strip!, :tr_s, :delete, :squeeze, :tr!, :tr, :delete!, :squeeze!, :each_line, :each_byte, :tr_s!, :each_codepoint, :each_grapheme_cluster, :slice, :slice!, :each_char, :encoding, :force_encoding, :b, :valid_encoding?, :rpartition, :hash, :to_json, :to_json_raw, :to_json_raw_object, :between?, :clamp, :<=, :>=, :<, :>, :pretty_print_instance_variables, :pretty_print_cycle, :pretty_print_inspect, :singleton_class, :dup, :itself, :taint, :tainted?, :untaint, :untrust, :untrusted?, :trust, :methods, :singleton_methods, :protected_methods, :private_methods, :public_methods, :instance_variables, :instance_variable_get, :instance_variable_set, :instance_variable_defined?, :remove_instance_variable, :instance_of?, :kind_of?, :is_a?, :display, :class, :frozen?, :tap, :then, :yield_self, :public_send, :pretty_inspect, :extend, :clone, :method, :public_method, :singleton_method, :define_singleton_method, :!~, :nil?, :respond_to?, :object_id, :send, :to_enum, :enum_for, :__send__, :!, :instance_eval, :instance_exec, :!=, :equal?, :__id__]"
]
},
"execution_count": 10,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\"\".methods"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "bcd00930-d1c3-4512-b2cd-74477c4e125f",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## iterar sobre string"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 20,
"id": "c897f425-35d0-4005-9495-6edc9cceca4c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"caracter: H\n",
"caracter: o\n",
"caracter: l\n",
"caracter: a\n",
"caracter: \n",
"caracter: m\n",
"caracter: u\n",
"caracter: n\n",
"caracter: d\n",
"caracter: o\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"Hola mundo\""
]
},
"execution_count": 20,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# iterar por cada caracter\n",
"\"Hola mundo\".each_char {|char| puts \"caracter: #{char}\"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "27df3f6d-062e-440b-be02-7268cd989865",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## split"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 7,
"id": "f9b1568a-fd68-433c-8547-bb132ae1cb64",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[\"Hola,\", \"mi\", \"nombre\", \"es\", \"Juan.\", \"Aquí\", \"hay\", \"más\", \"espacios\"]"
]
},
"execution_count": 7,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"sentence = \"Hola, mi nombre es Juan. Aquí hay más espacios\"\n",
"sentence.split # retorna un array"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 9,
"id": "fcad5649-a147-41d6-bb2b-fe246f3c178f",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[\"Hola, mi nombre es Juan\", \" Aquí hay más espacios\"]"
]
},
"execution_count": 9,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"sentence.split(\".\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 22,
"id": "41d7c92b-0724-43a6-ab06-372bcafbfeba",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hola, tienen 5 caracteres\n",
"mi tienen 2 caracteres\n",
"nombre tienen 6 caracteres\n",
"es tienen 2 caracteres\n",
"Juan. tienen 5 caracteres\n",
"Aquí tienen 4 caracteres\n",
"hay tienen 3 caracteres\n",
"más tienen 3 caracteres\n",
"espacios tienen 8 caracteres\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[\"Hola,\", \"mi\", \"nombre\", \"es\", \"Juan.\", \"Aquí\", \"hay\", \"más\", \"espacios\"]"
]
},
"execution_count": 22,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"palabras = sentence.split\n",
"palabras.each { |pal| puts \"#{pal} tienen #{pal.length} caracteres\"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 21,
"id": "71b9c763-b6bb-4443-b4d4-625394f84b07",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[\"H\", \"o\", \"l\", \"a\", \" \", \"m\", \"u\", \"n\", \"d\", \"o\"]"
]
},
"execution_count": 21,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# chars retorna un arreglo con cada caracter\n",
"\"Hola mundo\".chars"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "914de310-0276-4cd5-9cbb-53062a6008a8",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## join"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 25,
"id": "2c7e30c2-f0fa-4e91-97a2-3a9fcb1b01c1",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"Hola,<->mi<->nombre<->es<->Juan.<->Aquí<->hay<->más<->espacios\""
]
},
"execution_count": 25,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"palabras.join(\"<->\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "a1c8cf92-4c3e-420c-be0f-e834c76821b5",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## count"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 29,
"id": "7dd09537-a81a-4ea5-99a3-a7f642a944bc",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"2"
]
},
"execution_count": 29,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\"Hola mundo\".count(\"o\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "277f7cd7-11d1-49b5-9652-6873040642ec",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"* si colocas más de un caracter, busca cada uno individualmente y suma el total, no es la ocurrencia de ambos al tiempo"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 32,
"id": "5885587c-c52a-4ed1-b038-c4c589fb0b87",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"3"
]
},
"execution_count": 32,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\"Hola mundo\".count(\"Ho\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "dcc0b4c8-95b4-4a5e-b981-72e1e4f09612",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## index y rindex\n",
"* retorna el índice de la primera o última ocurrencia en la que ocurre un caracter"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 34,
"id": "e8d26da9-08c4-482a-89bb-ea852b1c9c31",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"1"
]
},
"execution_count": 34,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\"Hola mundo\".index(\"o\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 35,
"id": "d97c4ed2-1985-40c0-a5b2-5dcaf3e1cd40",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"9"
]
},
"execution_count": 35,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\"Hola mundo\".rindex(\"o\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "2959b426-ed12-42ae-972e-83b2b5fc2b1f",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"* Si pones un valor, busca a partir de ese caracter y no tiene en cuenta antes"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 36,
"id": "e0a94bd2-98da-4408-9105-7c26b1cc73cb",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"9"
]
},
"execution_count": 36,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\"Hola mundo\".index(\"o\", 4)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "53b3b8b9-656c-4c44-a07d-dc909fd0fa12",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## squeeze\n",
"* Remueve caracteres duplicados consecutivos"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 38,
"id": "9b3d0490-b2d8-4d58-b9f0-1782e30b802c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"Hola mundo \""
]
},
"execution_count": 38,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"\"Hooooolaaaaa mundoooo \".squeeze"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 40,
"id": "a1400493-e971-4d1b-8e53-06ca334248d7",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"Hola mundo \""
]
},
"execution_count": 40,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# Puedo especificar uno o varios caracteres\n",
"\"Hooooolaaaaa mundoooo \".squeeze(\"ao\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "103c16ec-ae97-4a5d-b058-77131bf27a0b",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Matrices"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 59,
"id": "c12feb36-4419-44a5-a615-4ab134176c3b",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/latex": [
"$$\\left(\\begin{array}{ccc}\n",
" 1&8&2\\\\\n",
" 3&9&4\\\\\n",
" 7&4&6\\\\\n",
"\\end{array}\\right)$$"
],
"text/plain": [
"Matrix[[1, 8, 2], [3, 9, 4], [7, 4, 6]]"
]
},
"execution_count": 59,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# Un arreglo tiene 1 dimensión. \n",
"# La matriz tiene más dimensiones, todos con los mismos elementos.\n",
"# todos los elementos deben ser numeros\n",
"require 'matrix' # importamos el módulo\n",
"m = Matrix[[1, 8, 2], [3, 9, 4], [7, 4, 6]]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 60,
"id": "5ba6e79b-0d19-48a2-a434-8bd770b7a97a",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"1\n",
"8\n",
"2\n",
"3\n",
"9\n",
"4\n",
"7\n",
"4\n",
"6\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/latex": [
"$$\\left(\\begin{array}{ccc}\n",
" 1&8&2\\\\\n",
" 3&9&4\\\\\n",
" 7&4&6\\\\\n",
"\\end{array}\\right)$$"
],
"text/plain": [
"Matrix[[1, 8, 2], [3, 9, 4], [7, 4, 6]]"
]
},
"execution_count": 60,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"m.each do |i|\n",
" puts i\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 61,
"id": "bfe3e394-2000-4284-af69-d5033db66782",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"1\n",
"9\n",
"6\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/latex": [
"$$\\left(\\begin{array}{ccc}\n",
" 1&8&2\\\\\n",
" 3&9&4\\\\\n",
" 7&4&6\\\\\n",
"\\end{array}\\right)$$"
],
"text/plain": [
"Matrix[[1, 8, 2], [3, 9, 4], [7, 4, 6]]"
]
},
"execution_count": 61,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"m.each(:diagonal) do |i| # imprime la diagonal\n",
" puts i\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 62,
"id": "fdc5166f-282b-402c-b613-a0ebb508aa51",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"3\n",
"7\n",
"4\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/latex": [
"$$\\left(\\begin{array}{ccc}\n",
" 1&8&2\\\\\n",
" 3&9&4\\\\\n",
" 7&4&6\\\\\n",
"\\end{array}\\right)$$"
],
"text/plain": [
"Matrix[[1, 8, 2], [3, 9, 4], [7, 4, 6]]"
]
},
"execution_count": 62,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"m.each(:strict_lower) do |i| # imprime elementos debajo de la diagonal\n",
" puts i\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 64,
"id": "a0de256d-8519-4fc3-9cc5-ad95f2444a74",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"false"
]
},
"execution_count": 64,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"m.diagonal? # verifica si todos los elementos fuera de la diagonal son ceros"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "e2a35c30-d622-4065-8497-a69f158f9fc0",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Hashes (diccionarios)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 106,
"id": "6a23b21a-8a9f-4b70-afc9-7197449cdc5c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{\"nombre\"=>\"Juan\", \"edad\"=>20, 20=>\"veinte\", []=>\"Arreglo\"}"
]
},
"execution_count": 106,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"h = {\"nombre\" => \"Juan\", \"edad\" => 20, 20 => \"veinte\", [] => \"Arreglo\"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 70,
"id": "0c73685c-393f-4c90-b780-1d39a746a539",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"20\n",
"Arreglo\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"puts h['edad']\n",
"puts h[[]]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 72,
"id": "c6115dae-d014-458c-b4bc-d986c3893a11",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{\"nombre\"=>\"Juan\", \"edad\"=>20, 20=>\"veinte\", []=>\"Arreglo\", \"cursos\"=>5}"
]
},
"execution_count": 72,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# nueva entrada\n",
"h[\"cursos\"] = 5\n",
"h"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 74,
"id": "4f7e4b58-70c9-4fe1-b1cf-5c0736f931be",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# si la llave no existe, retorna nil\n",
"h[1]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 75,
"id": "9cc7fc8c-477f-45ef-b5b6-c7a2d9ce401f",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\":)\""
]
},
"execution_count": 75,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# definimos un default para valores que no existen\n",
"h.default = \":)\"\n",
"h[1]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 82,
"id": "12c9860c-27f3-423a-baf4-56add973875b",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"jj\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"# usando símbolos (todavía no hemos hablado de símbolos)\n",
"h2 = {nombre: \"jj\", edad: 30}\n",
"puts h2[:nombre]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 83,
"id": "9fcbbb4c-77cd-4067-9d2a-9ff89a835e6f",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"nombre: Juan\n",
"edad: 20\n",
"20: veinte\n",
"[]: Arreglo\n",
"cursos: 5\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{\"nombre\"=>\"Juan\", \"edad\"=>20, 20=>\"veinte\", []=>\"Arreglo\", \"cursos\"=>5}"
]
},
"execution_count": 83,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"h.each do |clave, valor|\n",
" puts \"#{clave}: #{valor}\"\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 107,
"id": "f8ce35cf-969e-48cf-b66a-46ca55768425",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"nombre\n",
"edad\n",
"20\n",
"[]\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{\"nombre\"=>\"Juan\", \"edad\"=>20, 20=>\"veinte\", []=>\"Arreglo\"}"
]
},
"execution_count": 107,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# itera solo sobre las keys\n",
"h.each_key do |clave|\n",
" puts \"#{clave}\"\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 109,
"id": "59aff098-5fa3-4ed0-821e-f06b3e382148",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Juan\n",
"20\n",
"veinte\n",
"Arreglo\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{\"nombre\"=>\"Juan\", \"edad\"=>20, 20=>\"veinte\", []=>\"Arreglo\"}"
]
},
"execution_count": 109,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# itera solo sobre los valores\n",
"h.each_value do |value|\n",
" puts \"#{value}\"\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "abf416d0-5759-4715-9624-34f5a6e43497",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Métodos de hashes"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 86,
"id": "e1f3d58e-eeb9-44e0-9d0b-cfdb04078758",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"5"
]
},
"execution_count": 86,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"h.length # numero de elementos"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 147,
"id": "13a6327b-fb19-4390-8913-2652364d731e",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"true"
]
},
"execution_count": 147,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"h.key?(\"edad\") # verifica si existe la llave edad"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 152,
"id": "0f49d641-c2f4-4f61-8ace-2f70e9d9d9ba",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"false"
]
},
"execution_count": 152,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"h.key?(\"ed\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "400729d3-0224-4924-a3f1-36cf827ad9e4",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 91,
"id": "ac73e7ce-f261-4206-8609-7e7ca9796148",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[\"nombre\", \"edad\", 20, [], \"cursos\"]"
]
},
"execution_count": 91,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"h.keys # retorna las keys"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 92,
"id": "94458cc6-4dc6-468f-b582-bfe7a3eef447",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[\"Juan\", 20, \"veinte\", \"Arreglo\", 5]"
]
},
"execution_count": 92,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"h.values # retorna los values"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 94,
"id": "f1189203-fbac-473b-a973-84b28290cfda",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"h.delete(\"cursos\") # elimina elemento con key cursos"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 96,
"id": "163b4f1b-5514-4a60-a844-154ee9a5eb50",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"false"
]
},
"execution_count": 96,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"h.empty? # verfica si está vacío"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 98,
"id": "01da2259-eb7f-4114-9e47-7cce92d8b312",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"edad\""
]
},
"execution_count": 98,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"h.key(20) # retorna la llave de un valor que está dentro del hash"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 153,
"id": "b06893b5-97e9-4dff-bff5-93998594bbff",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"true"
]
},
"execution_count": 153,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"h.value?(\"veinte\") # verifica si tiene el valor"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 101,
"id": "37587f8d-69cc-48bd-a1e8-7e22c4f65c35",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{\"Juan\"=>\"nombre\", 20=>\"edad\", \"veinte\"=>20, \"Arreglo\"=>[], 5=>\"cursos\"}"
]
},
"execution_count": 101,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"h.invert # convierte llaves en valores y los valores en llaves"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 154,
"id": "1cbf0824-cc8e-4ba0-9b41-742558e0eb77",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{\"edad\"=>20}"
]
},
"execution_count": 154,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# retorna solo los elementos que cumple con cierta condición\n",
"h.select {|key, value| value.is_a?(Fixnum)}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 157,
"id": "ca77fd28-8652-4945-84f3-070509cfa996",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{\"nombre\"=>\"Juan\", \"edad\"=>20, []=>\"Arreglo\"}"
]
},
"execution_count": 157,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# retorna solo los elementos que NO cumplen con cierta condición\n",
"h.reject {|key, value| key.is_a?(Fixnum)}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 104,
"id": "1033cce0-c861-473d-bc53-6ee4cee0bc31",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{\"nombre\"=>\"Juan\", \"edad\"=>20, 20=>\"veinte\", []=>\"Arreglo\", \"cursos\"=>5, :nombre=>\"jj\", :edad=>30}"
]
},
"execution_count": 104,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"h.merge(h2) # combina dos hashes"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "1a7ea015-38de-49e5-ab19-89a836ee5ebc",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### sort"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 137,
"id": "921a3762-198b-4b62-8c43-d37f755ef973",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[[:primero, 30], [:segundo, 10]]"
]
},
"execution_count": 137,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# ordena segun key\n",
"h3 = {primero: 30, segundo: 10}\n",
"h3.sort"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 128,
"id": "403e6703-1003-4d5d-b215-de1186184ecc",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[[:segundo, 10], [:primero, 30]]"
]
},
"execution_count": 128,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# orden inverso\n",
"h3.sort.reverse"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 143,
"id": "fe5aec56-bac5-47e4-bd90-4347cb83e8b3",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[[:segundo, 10], [:primero, 30]]"
]
},
"execution_count": 143,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# ordena por valor, type es el valor\n",
"h3.sort_by {|key, value| value}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "0455b794-271d-48e7-82f5-b20cc4f6f2cb",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### hash to array & viceversa"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 113,
"id": "0d4662cb-b3f3-48cd-8007-5e518d365be4",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[[\"nombre\", \"Juan\"], [\"edad\", 20], [20, \"veinte\"], [[], \"Arreglo\"]]"
]
},
"execution_count": 113,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# hash to arry\n",
"array_hash = h.to_a"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 115,
"id": "b77e6519-337c-4cd4-b138-ae8c47fbb36a",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"{\"nombre\"=>\"Juan\", \"edad\"=>20, 20=>\"veinte\", []=>\"Arreglo\"}"
]
},
"execution_count": 115,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"# array to hash\n",
"array_hash.to_h"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "725a9408-7351-4ad7-84aa-351bd4720a67",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Símbolos\n",
"\n",
"* Es una cadena inmutable\n",
"* Su beneficio es mejor rendimiento\n",
"* Cuándo usarlos?:\n",
" * Cuando no necesita modificar el str\n",
" * Cuando no necesito usar operaciones de str\n",
" * Son muy útiles como nombres, por ejemplo en los hashes"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 105,
"id": "0afeef5f-5bc8-4cf6-8806-f9efe5ee3911",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
":Juan"
]
},
"execution_count": 105,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"cadena1 = \"Juan\"\n",
"cadena2 = \"Juan\"\n",
"simbolo1 = :Juan\n",
"simbolo2 = :Juan"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 107,
"id": "53a54770-dc11-45fb-be9a-4ae7dc5e0423",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"49420\n",
"49440\n",
"3682148\n",
"3682148\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"# Los símbolos comparten el mismo object ID, pero las cadenas de texto no (aunque sea el mismo valor)\n",
"puts cadena1.object_id\n",
"puts cadena2.object_id\n",
"puts simbolo1.object_id\n",
"puts simbolo2.object_id"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "fdce18f3-ecab-41ff-bf39-ff852ab0f265",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Métodos y argumentos"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 114,
"id": "120d181b-bbbd-4dbd-a51a-8f2950faf09f",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"9\n",
"9\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"def square(x)\n",
" # retorna el cuadrado de un número\n",
" x * x\n",
"end\n",
"\n",
"puts square(3)\n",
"puts square 3 # los paréntesis de pueden ignorar, aunque se recomienda ponerlos a menos que uses un DSL"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 116,
"id": "d739ed28-fdb4-4d47-a777-0bc8541ecd5d",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hola mundo\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"# si no hay inputs, no es necsario poner paréntesis\n",
"def saludar\n",
" puts \"Hola mundo\"\n",
"end\n",
"saludar"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "6343897a-d3da-448e-b421-9156d1648a70",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"* Por default, los mpetodos siempre retornan lo que hay en la última línea de código\n",
"* Podemos usar la palabra `return` para retornar un valor antes de que finalice la ejecución del programa"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 118,
"id": "7b8141f0-07de-416a-a932-b5499be33e82",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"0"
]
},
"execution_count": 118,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"def square(x)\n",
" return 0 unless x.is_a? Integer\n",
" x * x\n",
"end\n",
"\n",
"square('jj')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "88e3b0a0-cc7c-4613-894c-7269eae1d9f7",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Operador splat\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 122,
"id": "12a749f1-4e37-4400-8c04-ba8ad15fcc56",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hola Juan\n",
"Hola Lina\n",
"Hola Kelly\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[\"Juan\", \"Lina\", \"Kelly\"]"
]
},
"execution_count": 122,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"def hola_gente(personas)\n",
" personas.each {|persona| puts \"Hola #{persona}\"}\n",
"end\n",
"\n",
"# este método solo acepta arreglos o similares que tiene .each,\n",
"# pero no funcionaría con un entero o un string\n",
"# no es común en ruby usar un arreglo como input de un método\n",
"hola_gente(['Juan', 'Lina', 'Kelly'])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "5f3e0e04-9e7c-4766-809b-0263bf72c0c3",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"* Con el splat operator ponemos un * en el input y ahora acepta cualquier argumento"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 130,
"id": "3dffd0c0-5ac8-4870-9b21-2112d0e1f1bf",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
":hola_gente"
]
},
"execution_count": 130,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"def hola_gente(*personas)\n",
" personas.each {|persona| puts \"Hola #{persona}\"}\n",
"end\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 132,
"id": "fd0fb685-fb89-42d7-8cf1-828f823fa08b",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hola 23\n",
"23\n",
"Hola jj\n",
"jj\n",
"Hola jj\n",
"Hola ls\n",
"jj\n",
"ls\n",
"Hola [\"jj\", \"ls\"]\n",
"jj\n",
"ls\n",
"Hola jj\n",
"Hola ls\n",
"jj\n",
"ls\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"puts hola_gente(23)\n",
"puts hola_gente(\"jj\")\n",
"puts hola_gente(\"jj\", 'ls')\n",
"puts hola_gente([\"jj\", 'ls'])\n",
"puts hola_gente(*[\"jj\", 'ls']) # también puedes usr splat como input, equivale a enviar cada elemento en lugar del arreglo"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "40e292a2-05a5-443a-989b-eea8f6006772",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Keyword arguments"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 141,
"id": "7be9dc80-dd28-4659-9eea-fb05027d1a97",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hola señor Juan\n",
"Hola joven Juan\n",
"Hola joven \n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"def hola(nombre: \"\", edad: 0)\n",
" if edad >= 30\n",
" puts \"Hola señor #{nombre}\"\n",
" elsif edad < 30\n",
" puts \"Hola joven #{nombre}\"\n",
" end\n",
"end\n",
"\n",
"hola(nombre: \"Juan\", edad: 40)\n",
"hola(nombre: \"Juan\") # valor por default edad = 0 \n",
"hola(edad: 15) # valor por default nombre \"\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "e628b7d7-ff5d-492c-820c-fad9b5b8947e",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"* Podemos definir inputs opcionales con **"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 143,
"id": "4fde0680-5dd8-4a9f-a7eb-cfa264948874",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hola señor Juan\n",
"Cocodrilo\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"def hola(nombre: \"\", edad: 0, **options)\n",
" if edad >= 30\n",
" puts \"Hola señor #{nombre}\"\n",
" elsif edad < 30\n",
" puts \"Hola joven #{nombre}\"\n",
" end\n",
" \n",
" puts options[:animal_favorito]\n",
"end\n",
"\n",
"hola(nombre: \"Juan\", edad: 40, color_favorito: \"Azul\", animal_favorito: \"Cocodrilo\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "2b85814b-cb32-4195-84b5-778f97e85894",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"* Podemos crear parámetros obligatorios si no ponemos un valor por default, por ejemplo, en el siguiente método siempre debe ir un input nombre."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 147,
"id": "3998e5dd-f48f-4cfc-af8d-7729a71d9162",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hola señor Juan\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"def hola(nombre:, edad: 0, **options)\n",
" if edad >= 30\n",
" puts \"Hola señor #{nombre}\"\n",
" elsif edad < 30\n",
" puts \"Hola joven #{nombre}\"\n",
" end\n",
" \n",
" puts options[:animal_favorito]\n",
"end\n",
"\n",
"hola(nombre: \"Juan\", edad: 40)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "664979b5-0cf5-4eb7-b799-2fc278aa9745",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Clases y objetos\n",
"\n",
"* Se cran a partir de class\n",
"* Las clases se nombran usando Camelcase\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"id": "cc13e2d7-99aa-4e2e-9e18-faf85452c992",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
":stop"
]
},
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"class Video\n",
" attr_accessor :minutes, :title # esto es un atributo\n",
" def play # esto es un método\n",
" end\n",
" \n",
" def pause\n",
" end\n",
" \n",
" def stop\n",
" end\n",
" \n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 5,
"id": "2e1fc83f-4b02-4aa0-9529-435b02d256e4",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Objeto y clases\n",
"atributos\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"# Crando nuevos objetos Video\n",
"video_30 = Video.new\n",
"video_30.title = \"Objeto y clases\"\n",
"\n",
"video_31 = Video.new\n",
"video_31.title = \"atributos\"\n",
"\n",
"puts video_30.title\n",
"puts video_31.title"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "97c76a82-b281-42e6-9fc1-e6694f420c6d",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Initialize\n",
"\n",
"* Método que se ejecuta cuando creamos una clase"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"id": "22957cfb-e7cd-415b-9aca-a232f2d492d5",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
":stop"
]
},
"execution_count": 6,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"class Video\n",
" attr_accessor :minutes, :title\n",
" \n",
" def initialize(title)\n",
" self.title = title\n",
" end\n",
" \n",
" def play\n",
" end\n",
" \n",
" def pause\n",
" end\n",
" \n",
" def stop\n",
" end\n",
" \n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 8,
"id": "bd058819-78ce-4b22-a0d1-064ea44cf634",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"Objetos y clases\""
]
},
"execution_count": 8,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"video_32 = Video.new(\"Objetos y clases\")\n",
"video_32.title"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "8ba82ca6-43db-438f-a834-edbb2f036730",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Propiedades y métodos accesorios\n",
"* Las variables de instancia se crean con @ y el nombre. Estas variables no pueden leerse y definir su valor desde las instancias creadas, sino que solo se puede acceder a ellas desde dentro de la clase.\n",
"\n",
"* Puedes acceder a ellas desde cualquier método del objeto\n",
"\n",
"* Lo métodos para obtener una variable de instancia no se suelen llamar `get_atributo`, sino solo `atributo`, y los setters se definen como `atributo=`"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 28,
"id": "54b4ff69-fddd-4bc6-9e4f-9b5b1155ab59",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
":nombre="
]
},
"execution_count": 28,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"class Tutor\n",
" def initialize(name)\n",
" @nombre = name # variables de instancia\n",
" end\n",
" \n",
" def say_my_name\n",
" puts @nombre\n",
" end\n",
" \n",
" def nombre\n",
" return @nombre\n",
" end\n",
" \n",
" def nombre=(nombre)\n",
" @nombre = nombre\n",
" end\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 30,
"id": "75570c1b-e180-4a28-be0c-45058ba2e90d",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Juan\n",
"Javier\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"juan = Tutor.new(\"Juan\")\n",
"javier = Tutor.new(\"Javier\")\n",
"juan.say_my_name\n",
"javier.say_my_name\n",
"#juan.nombre # esto arrojaría error"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 31,
"id": "ba9527fa-1d85-4636-b7b7-582f0df3fc09",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Juan\n",
"juanito\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"puts juan.nombre\n",
"juan.nombre = \"juanito\"\n",
"puts juan.nombre"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "27df9bac-a397-4c68-8e98-1d8a637ab81f",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"* Las variables se pueden definir usando `attr_accessor`, `attr_reader`, `attr_writer` que se encarga de definir los métodos getter y setter automáticamente:\n",
" * `attr_accessor`: define setter y getter\n",
" * `attr_reader`: solo define getter\n",
" * `attr_writer`: solo define setter"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 32,
"id": "6725512a-0584-4ff0-b70a-6d5c9d4d65db",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
":initialize"
]
},
"execution_count": 32,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"class Tutor\n",
" attr_accessor :nombre\n",
" \n",
" def initialize(name)\n",
" @nombre = name\n",
" end\n",
"\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 33,
"id": "336b7ab9-7b01-49d6-a656-6da3b8959713",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Juan\n",
"juanito\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"juan = Tutor.new(\"Juan\")\n",
"puts juan.nombre\n",
"juan.nombre = \"juanito\"\n",
"puts juan.nombre"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "4ea50c8b-bf98-428e-ac14-50d37cc39b7a",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Herencia\n",
"\n",
"* Crear clases a partir de otras clases\n",
"* Solo se puede heredar de una sola clase"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 45,
"id": "8702b7e7-9082-4ac6-ae9d-1917ff99a2a4",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[:youtube_id, :youtube_id=]"
]
},
"execution_count": 45,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"class Video\n",
" attr_accessor :title, :duration\n",
" \n",
" def initialize\n",
" end\n",
"end\n",
"\n",
"class YouTubeVideo < Video\n",
" attr_accessor :youtube_id\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 46,
"id": "55a561cf-ac91-41a0-be75-c3f2d976dd59",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"Herencia en Ruby\""
]
},
"execution_count": 46,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"yt = YouTubeVideo.new\n",
"yt.title = \"Herencia en Ruby\"\n",
"yt.title"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "4a69cd37-97a2-49c6-8642-6f79a7cd8fb6",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"* Se puede reescribir los métodos del padre"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 89,
"id": "68a24cdd-986a-4cae-9f84-dc5b7003cfe0",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
":embed_video_code"
]
},
"execution_count": 89,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"class Video\n",
" attr_accessor :title, :duration\n",
" \n",
" def initialize\n",
" end\n",
" \n",
" def embed_video_code\n",
" \"<video></video>\"\n",
" end\n",
"end\n",
"\n",
"class YouTubeVideo < Video\n",
" attr_accessor :youtube_id\n",
"\n",
" def embed_video_code # reemplaza el método de la clase padre\n",
" \"<iframe></iframe>\"\n",
" end\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "f028f30a-3381-4acd-b54e-6a0a1f94e778",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"* se puede reescribir el método conservando lo que el método padre hace agregando `super`"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 90,
"id": "51ac9a47-8c48-4166-be31-d1b9906c8a39",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
":embed_video_code"
]
},
"execution_count": 90,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"class Video\n",
" attr_accessor :title, :duration\n",
" \n",
" def initialize\n",
" end\n",
" \n",
" def embed_video_code\n",
" \"<video></video>\"\n",
" end\n",
"end\n",
"\n",
"class YouTubeVideo < Video\n",
" attr_accessor :youtube_id\n",
"\n",
" def embed_video_code\n",
" puts \"video embebido\"\n",
" super\n",
" end\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 69,
"id": "efe0941f-2d32-4f11-a20a-7805c403e8ba",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"<video></video>\""
]
},
"execution_count": 69,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"video1 = Video.new\n",
"video1.embed_video_code"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 70,
"id": "0f82f3f4-ed14-4f6f-8b9f-f042f60566f1",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"video embebido\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"<video></video>\""
]
},
"execution_count": 70,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"yt1 = YouTubeVideo.new\n",
"yt1.embed_video_code"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "52d5419e-1fbe-419e-a457-2e0ec17fe9d0",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"* Implícitamente todas las clses heredan de la clase `Object`, a menos que se especifique una clase concreta. \n",
"\n",
"* La clase object tiene métodos y atributos definidos como `object_id`\n",
"\n",
"* Es posible modificar la clase Object, entonces todos los objetos creados tendrán las propiedades modificadas"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 72,
"id": "1a74dff6-c4cc-4304-ab89-e6025d244df7",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"72440"
]
},
"execution_count": 72,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"YouTubeVideo.new.object_id"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "4833d195-dbf6-44f5-a4ea-45b46ef885ed",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Alcance de métodos\n",
"\n",
"* Los métodos pueden ser públicos, privados o protegidos.\n",
" * Público: pueden ser llamados desde cualquier lugar. Por defecto todos son públicos.\n",
" * Privado: pueden llamarse solo desde dentro de la clase. Una clase hija hereda también los métodos privados.\n",
" * Protegido: puede llamarse desde otra clase siempre y cuando sean del mismo tipo."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 95,
"id": "05ae2c73-6058-4649-881b-55fcedea48e2",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
":initialize"
]
},
"execution_count": 95,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"class Humano\n",
"\n",
" def initialize\n",
" self.publico\n",
" self.privado # solo se puede acceder desde la clase\n",
" end\n",
"\n",
" def publico\n",
" puts \"Soy público\"\n",
" end\n",
"\n",
" private # todo lo que esté debajo será privado\n",
" def privado\n",
" puts \"Soy privado\"\n",
" end\n",
" \n",
" protected\n",
" def protegido\n",
" puts \"Soy protegido\"\n",
" end\n",
"end\n",
"\n",
"class Profesor < Humano\n",
" def initialize\n",
" self.publico\n",
" self.private\n",
" end\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 99,
"id": "5b1d2c9a-a3a0-42f0-a29f-1d7a28873aa7",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Soy público\n",
"Soy privado\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"#<#<Class:0x0000028603eed078>::Humano:0x0000028604cb04d0>"
]
},
"execution_count": 99,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"Humano.new\n",
"# Humano.new.privado # esto arrojará un error\n",
"# Humano.new.publico # esto sí se puede, porque es público"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "222c61d2-6a51-4573-84f3-c4c169033c54",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Métodos de clase\n",
"* Las clases también son objetos\n",
"* Es como un método estático de clase. Anteponemos self. al crear el método\n",
"* Se puede llamar directamente sin instanciar un nuevo objeto\n",
"* Se usan cuando la funcionalidad no le pertenece a un objeto en particular, sino a la clase"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 106,
"id": "75b4f291-a8f2-4005-87b8-6b0baa510c9e",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
":nombre_clase="
]
},
"execution_count": 106,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"class SoyUnObjeto\n",
" @nombre_clase = \"SoyUnObjeto\" # variable de instancia\n",
" \n",
" def self.nombre_clase\n",
" @nombre_clase\n",
" end\n",
" \n",
" def self.nombre_clase=(nombre_clase)\n",
" @nombre_clase = nombre_clase\n",
" end\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 107,
"id": "4c32c2df-5519-40b3-8f23-085b04eb5e55",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"SoyUnObjeto\n",
"Otro nombre de objeto\n",
"Otro nombre de objeto\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"puts SoyUnObjeto.nombre_clase\n",
"puts SoyUnObjeto.nombre_clase = \"Otro nombre de objeto\"\n",
"puts SoyUnObjeto.nombre_clase"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "a707bbd1-0aad-4071-8fc9-4532ae205e7b",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Variables de clase\n",
"\n",
"* Se crean con @@\n",
"* Se pueden usar desde métodos de la clase o métodos del objeto\n",
"* Se usa cuando es una propiedad que pertenece a cada clase en lugar de a cada objeto."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 121,
"id": "2c265ee4-c816-4983-b15c-30d2d5afab64",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
":test"
]
},
"execution_count": 121,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"class Video\n",
" @tipo = \"Video/mp4\" # variable de instancia\n",
" @@type = \"Video/mp4\" # variable de clase\n",
" \n",
" def self.type_desde_clase\n",
" puts @@type\n",
" puts @tipo\n",
" end\n",
" \n",
" def type_desde_objeto\n",
" puts @@type\n",
" puts @tipo\n",
" end\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 111,
"id": "685e8b38-6d5b-4042-a373-c925c4197094",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Video/mp4\n",
"Video/mp4\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"Video.type_desde_clase"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 119,
"id": "377e23b8-09fe-4fe4-9883-90d803e63077",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Video/mp4\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"# La variable @tipo aparece como nil, porque debe definirse para cada objeto particular\n",
"# en cambio @@type está en todos los objetos\n",
"Video.new.type_desde_objeto"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "e040dddd-aa6f-4358-b85b-8f1165f25244",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"* Al heredar, sí se hereda la variable de clae, pero no la de instancia"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 131,
"id": "4646b518-672b-4d2b-b18b-3b02cfd5ac38",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"class YouTube < Video\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 132,
"id": "3c82434d-29e4-443d-8c47-07af7205e04f",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Video/mp4\n",
"Video/mp4\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"Video.type_desde_clase"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 133,
"id": "38c1f40c-6d16-434b-9cc7-843f47e8af57",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Video/mp4\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"YouTube.type_desde_clase"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "a2518e79-40d6-49fd-b606-75de65b3a0c5",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"* Si cambias la variable de clase en cualquiera de las clases padre o hijas, el cambio se reflejará en todas"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 135,
"id": "0bb9ecf2-5ee1-4475-aae0-5cfbd1746d1b",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\"Video/MPEG\""
]
},
"execution_count": 135,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"class YouTube < Video\n",
" @@type = \"Video/MPEG\"\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 138,
"id": "c9368e76-a030-44d4-910b-ea7af0532850",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Video/MPEG\n",
"Video/mp4\n",
"Video/MPEG\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"Video.type_desde_clase\n",
"YouTube.type_desde_clase"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "82b03f82-4709-480a-924a-013eff83d44e",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Polimorfismo\n",
"* habilidad de que múltiples objetos actuen de formas distinta a ante el mismo mensaje"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 140,
"id": "e816a9e7-3243-476b-8393-ef62ae104bb8",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
":play"
]
},
"execution_count": 140,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"class Video\n",
" def play\n",
" # not implemented\n",
" end\n",
"end\n",
"\n",
"class Vimeo < Video\n",
" def play\n",
" puts \"inserta el reproductor de Vimeo\"\n",
" end\n",
"end\n",
"\n",
"class YouTube < Video\n",
" def play\n",
" puts \"inserta el reproductor de Youtube\"\n",
" end\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 143,
"id": "51f8b68d-cc5d-4f59-baab-53269b75e021",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"inserta el reproductor de Youtube\n",
"inserta el reproductor de Vimeo\n",
"inserta el reproductor de Vimeo\n",
"inserta el reproductor de Youtube\n",
"inserta el reproductor de Youtube\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[#<#<Class:0x0000028603eed078>::YouTube:0x0000028603955098>, #<#<Class:0x0000028603eed078>::Vimeo:0x0000028603955048>, #<#<Class:0x0000028603eed078>::Vimeo:0x0000028603954ff8>, #<#<Class:0x0000028603eed078>::YouTube:0x0000028603954f80>, #<#<Class:0x0000028603eed078>::YouTube:0x0000028603954f08>]"
]
},
"execution_count": 143,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"videos = [YouTube.new, Vimeo.new, Vimeo.new, YouTube.new, YouTube.new]\n",
"videos.each do |video|\n",
" video.play\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "9a500ebe-843f-484e-9c11-bfbe4c88e876",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Métodos que reciben bloques"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 144,
"id": "10dce054-7fe0-4fd5-8905-bcf13522f2b7",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def hola\n",
"end\n",
"\n",
"# estoy enviando el bloque de código en {}, sin embargo no hace nada porque \n",
"# para ejecutarlo hace falta agregar yield al método\n",
"hola {puts \"Hola Juan\"} "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 146,
"id": "88128326-27c9-4452-8ca4-f71382e8ac11",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hola Juan\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"def hola\n",
" yield\n",
"end\n",
"\n",
"hola {puts \"Hola Juan\"} "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 147,
"id": "e4d0c750-5600-42d2-8f41-f5c9042f6ec5",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hola Juan\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"# también se puede ejecutar de esta manera\n",
"hola do\n",
" puts \"Hola Juan\"\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "4f530028-3b58-45d0-9e96-96a13632e60f",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"* Si llamo solamente a al método `hola()` recibiré un error porque al poner yield espera recibior un bloque. Para evitar el error, se usa `block_given?`"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 153,
"id": "3a3d9098-8ea7-49f4-a49e-e5893b5daaef",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def hola\n",
" yield if block_given?\n",
"end\n",
"\n",
"hola"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 154,
"id": "b024994a-c56e-4696-9fee-467bf0461dfa",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hola Juan\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"hola {puts \"Hola Juan\"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 159,
"id": "fd3bdd07-f846-4fa1-998b-692bb74e3ce6",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hola Juan\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"# también se puede cambiar la sintaxis a:\n",
"def hola nombre, &bloque\n",
" bloque.call if block_given?\n",
"end\n",
"\n",
"hola(\"Javier\") {puts \"Hola Juan\"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 160,
"id": "5d8f9297-19f4-4598-91a2-299bc83ea193",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"hola(\"Javier\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "30e08e64-5df9-4f12-b0fd-4c5e29643a86",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"* En general, usando `yield` es más rápida la ejecución"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "16964285-5c32-4965-9dc6-ebafa88f7e23",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Argumento y valor retornado en bloque"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 162,
"id": "74928dd5-140d-48db-9b9b-a3d46ae6a9dc",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
":saludar"
]
},
"execution_count": 162,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"class Usuario\n",
" attr_accessor :nombre\n",
" \n",
" def saludar\n",
" yield(@nombre)\n",
" end\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 163,
"id": "a17813e5-d780-4c7f-b018-2e8d30b61328",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hola Juan\n",
"Hello Juan\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"user = Usuario.new\n",
"user.nombre = \"Juan\"\n",
"\n",
"user.saludar {|nombre| puts \"Hola #{nombre}\"}\n",
"user.saludar {|nombre| puts \"Hello #{nombre}\"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "f7877f13-2f85-43aa-8e40-13c3420be4a7",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"* Se puede almacenar el bloque en una variable y usarlo"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 166,
"id": "4d9a679e-72e4-4898-b962-cd950938cc4c",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
":saludar"
]
},
"execution_count": 166,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"class Usuario\n",
" attr_accessor :nombre\n",
" \n",
" def saludar\n",
" saludo = yield(@nombre)\n",
" puts saludo\n",
" end\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 167,
"id": "52fd3daa-95f5-4ed9-83bb-bef2520d4275",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hola Juan\n",
"Hello Juan\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"user = Usuario.new\n",
"user.nombre = \"Juan\"\n",
"\n",
"user.saludar {|nombre| \"Hola #{nombre}\"}\n",
"user.saludar {|nombre| \"Hello #{nombre}\"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "ab179aca-7bb1-44a8-be30-9fcbe5db4f61",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"* No se puede usar return dentro de un bloque"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "3889993e-9151-48e6-b8f0-127cb72f44f4",
"metadata": {
"tags": []
},
"source": [
"## Alcance de variables dentro de un bloque\n",
"\n",
"* Un bloque hereda el contexto en el cual es ejecutado"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 168,
"id": "10ebce67-3a99-416b-8b1e-c39c0db57d63",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hola juan\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"def hola\n",
" yield\n",
"end\n",
"\n",
"nombre = \"juan\"\n",
"hola {puts \"Hola #{nombre}\"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 170,
"id": "112c69d8-3667-464e-a36c-0aeda56c0aa5",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hola Javier\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"# dentro del bloque se pueden cambiar variables del contexto\n",
"hola do\n",
" nombre = \"Javier\"\n",
" hola {puts \"Hola #{nombre}\"}\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 173,
"id": "9aa0b165-e37e-4d0a-be11-2c7ed1401ca9",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hola Santos\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"# también se pueden definir variables locales solo existen dentro del bloque\n",
"# ; separa las variables input de variables locales creadas para el bloque\n",
"hola do |; apellido|\n",
" apellido = \"Santos\"\n",
" hola {puts \"Hola #{apellido}\"}\n",
"end"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "68299708-0df1-4649-8808-32ddd2c5a1f0",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Proc\n",
"* Un bloque no es un objeto\n",
"* usando &block es un proc\n",
"* Los proc sí son objetos"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 175,
"id": "c89a78f6-1211-4261-877f-47ead19b877e",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Proc\n",
"hola Juan\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"def hola &block\n",
" puts block.class.name\n",
" block.call\n",
"end\n",
"\n",
"hola {puts \"hola Juan\"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "b4c36d4f-39a7-4109-98c9-e6dbef734f4e",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"* Una función puede recibir un solo bloque, pero puede recibir varios proc"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 176,
"id": "d32d7331-ef9c-4eaf-ab06-1d71399ae9ae",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hola Juan\n",
"Hola Javier\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"def hola proc1, proc2\n",
" proc1.call\n",
" proc2.call\n",
"end\n",
"\n",
"proc1 = Proc.new {puts \"Hola Juan\"}\n",
"proc2 = Proc.new {puts \"Hola Javier\"}\n",
"\n",
"hola(proc1, proc2)"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Ruby 3.1.2",
"language": "ruby",
"name": "ruby"
},
"language_info": {
"file_extension": ".rb",
"mimetype": "application/x-ruby",
"name": "ruby",
"version": "3.1.2"
},
"toc-autonumbering": true,
"toc-showcode": false,
"toc-showmarkdowntxt": false,
"toc-showtags": false
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 5
}
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