Medical device workflow are rich and complex. This design attempts to factor the domain into a minimal set of components that can be combined to produce useful systems. It's self-consciously naïve, but it should serve as a seed for discussion.
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Any device can be online all the time, and can act as a FHIR server -- possible all on its own, or possibly with the help of a proxy/manager/facade component that "fronts for" the device. (Communication between the device and its manager occurs using any mechanism necessary; but the components below be useful for such internal communication, too.)
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A device generates snapshot (i.e. point-in-time) reports -- which can consist of observations or alerts.