Indexes are 8 (to make it small enough to read) sorted 32bit integer segments. Each integer represents the record_id that matches the term. Each segment is stored in a Key/Value store.
Index A represents the rows that have the term "Canada" in a Country column. Index B represents the rows that have the term "Ontario" in a Province column.
Segments from both indexes will be read off disk using a Key/Value store and intersected to evaluate a conjunction query.
Index A | Index B
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Segment 1