enrich.xsl

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
    xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
    xmlns:lucas="urn:woop:lucas"
    exclude-result-prefixes="xs lucas"
    version="2.0">
    <xsl:variable name="persons" select="//people/person/names/name"/>
    <xsl:function name="lucas:find-matching-person" as="item()?">
        <xsl:param name="text"/>
        <xsl:copy-of select="($persons[contains($text, .)])[1]"/>
    </xsl:function>
    <xsl:function name="lucas:add-links" as="item()*">
        <xsl:param name="text"/>
        <xsl:variable name="person" select="lucas:find-matching-person($text)"/>
        <xsl:choose>
            <xsl:when test="$person">
                <xsl:value-of select="substring-before($text, $person)"/>
                <a href="{$person/../../@id}"><xsl:value-of select="$person"/></a>
                <xsl:copy-of select="lucas:add-links(substring-after($text, $person))"/>
            </xsl:when>
            <xsl:otherwise><xsl:value-of select="$text"/></xsl:otherwise>
        </xsl:choose>
    </xsl:function>
    <xsl:template match="text//text()[lucas:find-matching-person(.)]">
        <xsl:copy-of select="lucas:add-links(.)"/>
    </xsl:template>
    <xsl:template match="node()|@*">
        <xsl:copy><xsl:apply-templates select="node()|@*"/></xsl:copy>
    </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

input.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<document>
    <people>
        <person id="john">
            <names>
                <name>John</name>
                <name>Johnny</name>
            </names>
        </person>
        <person id="Mary">
            <names>
                <name>Mary</name>
                <name>Marie</name>
            </names>
        </person>
    </people>
    <text>Hello <strong>John</strong>, say hi to Mary aka Marie</text>
</document>

output.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><document>
    <people>
        <person id="john">
            <names>
                <name>John</name>
                <name>Johnny</name>
            </names>
        </person>
        <person id="Mary">
            <names>
                <name>Mary</name>
                <name>Marie</name>
            </names>
        </person>
    </people>
    <text>Hello <strong><a href="">John</a></strong>, say hi to <a href="">Mary</a> aka <a href="">Marie</a></text>
</document>