Grab the brown and black knobs. You can also dial some of the numbers on the right.
Spherical coordinates are defined by ρ (rho, the distance from the origin), θ (theta, rotation parallel to the xy-plane), and φ (phi, inclination from the north pole to the south pole). This interactive drawing shows how they relate to the Cartesian xyz coordinates. The key is the horizontal slice of radius r.
- z = ρ cos φ
- r = ρ sin φ
Which makes sense: when φ=0, we're looking at the north pole, z=ρ and r=0. Then we're left with the familiar equations:
- x = r cos θ