Created
September 11, 2018 19:09
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{ | |
"cells": [ | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "markdown", | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"source": [ | |
"La lista,'list', es una de las estructuras más usadas en Python. Es una concatenación indexada de objetos de variados tipos. Veámoslo con ejemplos:" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 1, | |
"metadata": { | |
"collapsed": true | |
}, | |
"outputs": [], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista_vacia=[]" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 2, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"0" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 2, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"len(lista_vacia) #podemos ver la longitud de esta lista :" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 3, | |
"metadata": { | |
"collapsed": true | |
}, | |
"outputs": [], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista=[0,1,2]" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 4, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"3" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 4, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"len(lista)" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 5, | |
"metadata": { | |
"collapsed": true | |
}, | |
"outputs": [], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista.append(4) #Empecemos con el primer método, append, que anexa un elemento al final de la lista:" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 6, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"[0, 1, 2, 4]" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 6, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 7, | |
"metadata": { | |
"collapsed": true | |
}, | |
"outputs": [], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista.append('letra') #Podemos anexar elementos de otro tipo :" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 8, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"[0, 1, 2, 4, 'letra']" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 8, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 9, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"2" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 9, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista.pop(2) #quitamos el elemento con índice 2, es decir el tercero. Hay que recordar que el primero es índice 0" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 10, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"[0, 1, 4, 'letra']" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 10, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 11, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista.remove('letra') #quita el elemento 'letra'" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 12, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"[0, 1, 4]" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 12, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 13, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"ename": "ValueError", | |
"evalue": "list.remove(x): x not in list", | |
"output_type": "error", | |
"traceback": [ | |
"\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m", | |
"\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)", | |
"\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-13-9fc0cb6844ce>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mlista\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mremove\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'letra'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# en el caso de que el elemento no exista nos da un error : x not in list\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m", | |
"\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m: list.remove(x): x not in list" | |
] | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista.remove('letra') # en el caso de que el elemento no exista nos da un error : x not in list" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 14, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"[0, 1, 4]" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 14, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 15, | |
"metadata": { | |
"collapsed": true | |
}, | |
"outputs": [], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista.insert(2,3) #inserta un 2 en la posicion index=3, es decir tercera posicion" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 16, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"[0, 1, 3, 4]" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 16, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 17, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista.reverse() #invierte el orden de los elementos en la lista" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 18, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"[4, 3, 1, 0]" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 18, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 19, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"[4, 3, 1, 0]" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 19, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 20, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"4" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 20, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista[0] #para acceder al primer elemento...lista[0], al ultimo lista[3]" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 21, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"0" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 21, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista[3]" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 22, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"0" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 22, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista[-1] #para acceder al último tenemos tres opciones : lista[-1]" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 23, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"0" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 23, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista[len(lista)-1] #lista[len(lista)-1]" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 24, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"0" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 24, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista[3] # u obviamente yendo directamente al último elemento" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 25, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista.reverse()" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 26, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"[0, 1, 3, 4]" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 26, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 27, | |
"metadata": { | |
"collapsed": true | |
}, | |
"outputs": [], | |
"source": [ | |
"for i in range(5,9):\n", | |
" lista.append(i)" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 28, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"[0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 28, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 29, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"[3, 4, 5]" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 29, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista[2:5] #hagamos slicing a la lista...desde el tercer, indice 2, elemento hasta el quinto, indice 4" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 30, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"[1, 3, 4, 5, 6]" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 30, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista[1:-2] #desde el indice 1 hasta el antepenultimo, 6" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 31, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"[6, 7]" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 31, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista[-3:-1] #desde el antepenultimo hasta el penultimo" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 32, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"[4, 6]" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 32, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista[3:-2:2] #desde el indice 3 hasta el antepenultimo, cogidos de dos en dos.. " | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 33, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"[0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 33, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 34, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"name": "stdout", | |
"output_type": "stream", | |
"text": [ | |
"0 <--> 0\n", | |
"1 <--> 1\n", | |
"2 <--> 3\n", | |
"3 <--> 4\n", | |
"4 <--> 5\n", | |
"5 <--> 6\n", | |
"6 <--> 7\n", | |
"7 <--> 8\n" | |
] | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"for i in range(len(lista)):\n", | |
" print (i,'<-->',lista[i]) #podemos iterar sobre la lista de esa manera" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 35, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [], | |
"source": [ | |
"nueva_lista=[]\n", | |
"a=ord('a')\n", | |
"for i in range(10):\n", | |
" nueva_lista.append(chr(a+i)) #una manera de crear la lista, con for" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 36, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j']" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 36, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"nueva_lista" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 37, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [], | |
"source": [ | |
"otra_lista=[chr(a+i) for i in range(10)] #otra manera con 'comprehension'" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 38, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j']" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 38, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"otra_lista" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 39, | |
"metadata": { | |
"collapsed": true | |
}, | |
"outputs": [], | |
"source": [ | |
"otra_lista_reducida=[chr(a+i) for i in range(10) if i%2==0] #incluso limitando el nº de índices con una condición" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 40, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"['a', 'c', 'e', 'g', 'i']" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 40, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"otra_lista_reducida" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 43, | |
"metadata": { | |
"collapsed": true | |
}, | |
"outputs": [], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista_desordenada=['b','e','a','c','d']" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 44, | |
"metadata": { | |
"collapsed": true | |
}, | |
"outputs": [], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista_desordenada.sort() #como ordenar una lista..por defecto orden creciente" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 45, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 45, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista_desordenada" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 46, | |
"metadata": { | |
"collapsed": true | |
}, | |
"outputs": [], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista_desordenada=['b','e','a','c','d']" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 47, | |
"metadata": { | |
"collapsed": true | |
}, | |
"outputs": [], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista_desordenada.sort(reverse=True) #como ordenar una lista con orden decreciente" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 48, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"['e', 'd', 'c', 'b', 'a']" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 48, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista_desordenada" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 49, | |
"metadata": { | |
"collapsed": true | |
}, | |
"outputs": [], | |
"source": [ | |
"frase='En un lugar de la Mancha de cuyo nombre no quiero acordarme'" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 50, | |
"metadata": { | |
"collapsed": true | |
}, | |
"outputs": [], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista_palabras=frase.split(' ')" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 51, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"['En',\n", | |
" 'un',\n", | |
" 'lugar',\n", | |
" 'de',\n", | |
" 'la',\n", | |
" 'Mancha',\n", | |
" 'de',\n", | |
" 'cuyo',\n", | |
" 'nombre',\n", | |
" 'no',\n", | |
" 'quiero',\n", | |
" 'acordarme']" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 51, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista_palabras" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 52, | |
"metadata": { | |
"collapsed": true | |
}, | |
"outputs": [], | |
"source": [ | |
"def longitud_palabra(palabra):\n", | |
" return len(palabra)" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 53, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista_palabras.sort(reverse=False,key=longitud_palabra) #las ordenamos en orden creciente de nº de letras" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": 54, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"outputs": [ | |
{ | |
"data": { | |
"text/plain": [ | |
"['En',\n", | |
" 'un',\n", | |
" 'de',\n", | |
" 'la',\n", | |
" 'de',\n", | |
" 'no',\n", | |
" 'cuyo',\n", | |
" 'lugar',\n", | |
" 'Mancha',\n", | |
" 'nombre',\n", | |
" 'quiero',\n", | |
" 'acordarme']" | |
] | |
}, | |
"execution_count": 54, | |
"metadata": {}, | |
"output_type": "execute_result" | |
} | |
], | |
"source": [ | |
"lista_palabras" | |
] | |
}, | |
{ | |
"cell_type": "code", | |
"execution_count": null, | |
"metadata": { | |
"collapsed": true | |
}, | |
"outputs": [], | |
"source": [] | |
} | |
], | |
"metadata": { | |
"kernelspec": { | |
"display_name": "Python 3", | |
"language": "python", | |
"name": "python3" | |
}, | |
"language_info": { | |
"codemirror_mode": { | |
"name": "ipython", | |
"version": 3 | |
}, | |
"file_extension": ".py", | |
"mimetype": "text/x-python", | |
"name": "python", | |
"nbconvert_exporter": "python", | |
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3", | |
"version": "3.6.1" | |
} | |
}, | |
"nbformat": 4, | |
"nbformat_minor": 2 | |
} |
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