文字列補間.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 文字列補間"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### %補間"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "単純な補間"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "a:5\n",
      "b:1.234500\n",
      "c:moji\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 5\n",
    "b = 1.2345\n",
    "c = \"moji\"\n",
    "print(\"a:%d\" % a) # int:整数\n",
    "print(\"b:%f\" % b) # float:浮動小数\n",
    "print(\"c:%s\" % c) # string:文字列"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "複数項目を補間(タプル形式)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "a:5 b:1.234500 c:moji\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"a:%d b:%f c:%s\" % (a, b, c)) # 保管する順番にタプルに格納"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "桁数を指定して補間"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "a:    5\n",
      "b:1.234\n",
      "c: moji\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"a:%5d\" % a)  # 5桁表示\n",
    "print(\"b:%.3f\" % b) # 小数点以下3桁表示\n",
    "print(\"c:%5s\" % c)  # 5桁表示"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "組合せ応用例"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[ 1]  1 /  2 = 0.5000\n",
      "[ 2]  2 /  3 = 0.6667\n",
      "[ 3]  3 /  4 = 0.7500\n",
      "[ 4]  4 /  5 = 0.8000\n",
      "[ 5]  5 /  6 = 0.8333\n",
      "[ 6]  6 /  7 = 0.8571\n",
      "[ 7]  7 /  8 = 0.8750\n",
      "[ 8]  8 /  9 = 0.8889\n",
      "[ 9]  9 / 10 = 0.9000\n",
      "[10] 10 / 11 = 0.9091\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(1, 11):\n",
    "    print(\"[%2d] %2d / %2d = %.4f\" % (i, i, i+1, i/(i+1)))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### format関数"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "単純な補間"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "a:5\n",
      "b:1.2345\n",
      "c:moji\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"a:{}\".format(a))\n",
    "print(\"b:{}\".format(b))\n",
    "print(\"c:{}\".format(c))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "複数項目を補間"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "a:5 b:1.2345 c:moji\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"a:{} b:{} c:{}\".format(a, b, c))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "リストを補間"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 69,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "lst1: [5, 1.2345, 'moji']\n",
      "a:5 b:1.2345 c:moji\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lst1 = [a, b, c]\n",
    "print(\"lst1:\", lst1)\n",
    "print(\"a:{} b:{} c:{}\".format(*lst1)) # Listの先頭要素から順に補間"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "複数のリストを補間"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 89,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "lst2: [10, 100, 500]\n",
      "lst1:[5, 1.2345, moji] lst2:[10, 100, 500]\n",
      "lst1:[5, 1.2345, moji] lst2:[10, 100, 500]\n",
      "lst1:[5, 1.2345, moji] lst2:[10, 100, 500]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lst2 = [10, 100, 500]\n",
    "print(\"lst2:\", lst2)\n",
    "# Listが連結されて順に補間\n",
    "print(\"lst1:[{}, {}, {}] lst2:[{}, {}, {}]\".format(*lst1, *lst2))\n",
    "# Listが連結されてindex指定して補間\n",
    "print(\"lst1:[{0}, {1}, {2}] lst2:[{3}, {4}, {5}]\".format(*lst1, *lst2))\n",
    "# Listとindexを指定して補間(lst1:0, lst2:1)\n",
    "print(\"lst1:[{0[0]}, {0[1]}, {0[2]}] lst2:[{1[0]}, {1[1]}, {1[2]}]\".format(lst1, lst2))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "辞書を補間"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 84,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "dic1: {'a': 5, 'b': 1.2345, 'c': 'moji'}\n",
      "keys:[a, b, c]\n",
      "vals:[5, 1.2345, moji]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dic1 = {\"a\":a, \"b\":b, \"c\":c}\n",
    "print(\"dic1:\", dic1)\n",
    "print(\"keys:[{}, {}, {}]\".format(*dic1))     # 辞書のkeysリストを順に補間\n",
    "print(\"vals:[{a}, {b}, {c}]\".format(**dic1)) # 辞書のkeyを指定してvalueを補間"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "複数の辞書を補間"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 93,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "dic2: {'d': 10, 'e': 100, 'f': 500}\n",
      "keys1:[a, b, c] keys2:[d, e, f]\n",
      "keys1:[a, a, a] keys2:[b, b, b]\n",
      "vals1:[5, 1.2345, moji] vals2:[10, 100, 500]\n",
      "vals1:[5, 1.2345, moji] vals2:[10, 100, 500]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dic2 = {\"d\":10, \"e\":100, \"f\":500}\n",
    "print(\"dic2:\", dic2)\n",
    "# 辞書のkeysリストが連結されて順に補間\n",
    "print(\"keys1:[{}, {}, {}] keys2:[{}, {}, {}]\".format(*dic1, *dic2))\n",
    "# 辞書のkeysリストを指定して順に補間(dic1.keys:0, dic2.keys:1)\n",
    "print(\"keys1:[{0}, {0}, {0}] keys2:[{1}, {1}, {1}]\".format(*dic1, *dic2))\n",
    "# 辞書のkeyを指定してvalueを補間\n",
    "print(\"vals1:[{a}, {b}, {c}] vals2:[{d}, {e}, {f}]\".format(**dic1, **dic2))\n",
    "# 辞書とkeyを指定して補間(dic1.keys:0, dic2.keys:1)\n",
    "print(\"vals1:[{0[a]}, {0[b]}, {0[c]}] vals2:[{1[d]}, {1[e]}, {1[f]}]\".format(dic1, dic2))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "桁合わせ(左寄せ, 右寄せ, センタリング)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 104,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1234567890\n",
      "moji      \n",
      "   moji   \n",
      "      moji\n",
      "moji******\n",
      "$$$moji$$$\n",
      "??????moji\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "str1 = \"1234567890\"\n",
    "str2 = \"moji\"\n",
    "print(str1)\n",
    "print(\"{:<10}\".format(str2)) # 左寄せ\n",
    "print(\"{:^10}\".format(str2)) # センタリング\n",
    "print(\"{:>10}\".format(str2)) # 右寄せ\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"{:*<10}\".format(str2)) # 左寄せ(*埋め)\n",
    "print(\"{:$^10}\".format(str2)) # センタリング($埋め)\n",
    "print(\"{:?>10}\".format(str2)) # 右寄せ(?埋め)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "数値の各種表示加工"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 134,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "123456789012345\n",
      "00000123456.789\n",
      "    123,456.789\n",
      "+123,456.789   \n",
      "    123456.7890\n",
      "      1.235e+05\n",
      "     1.2346e+05\n",
      "         65.10%\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "str1 = \"123456789012345\"\n",
    "num = 123456.789\n",
    "print(str1)\n",
    "print(\"{:>015}\".format(num))     # 15桁, ゼロ埋め, 右寄せ\n",
    "print(\"{:>15,}\".format(num))     # 15桁, カンマ区切り, 右寄せ\n",
    "print(\"{:<+15,}\".format(num))    # 15桁, 符号表示, カンマ区切り, 左寄せ\n",
    "print(\"{:>15.4f}\".format(num))   # 15桁, 小数点以下4桁数, 右寄せ\n",
    "print(\"{:>15.4g}\".format(num))   # 15桁, 有効桁:4桁, 右寄せ\n",
    "print(\"{:>15.4e}\".format(num))   # 15桁, 指数表記:4桁, 右寄せ\n",
    "print(\"{:>15.2%}\".format(0.651)) # 15桁, パーセント表記:小数2桁, 右寄せ"
   ]
  }
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