Using the grunt-dr-svg-sprites GruntJS plugin and a custom Handlebars template (below) I was able to get the basic functionality that Compass provides for PNG sprites but for SVGs.
Note that the below template is not generalized and will not work for all dr-svg-sprites configurations. It works for my setup and would probably be a good base for others.
I've included the relevant portions of my Gruntfile as well.