Created on Skills Network Labs

Functions_python.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "                                    Functions in Python"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "A function is a reusable block of code which performs operations specified in the function."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Here are simple rules to define a function in Python:\n",
    "    1. Functions blocks begin 'def' followed by the 'function name' and parentheses ().\n",
    "        .There are input parameters or arguments that should be placed within these parentheses.\n",
    "        .You can also define parameters inside these parentheses.\n",
    "    2. There is a body within every function that starts with a colon (:) and is indented.\n",
    "        .You can also place documentation before the body.\n",
    "    3. The statement 'return' exits a function, optionally passing back a value."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#Example of a function:\n",
    "#This function will Add 1 to 'a' and store as 'b'\n",
    "\n",
    "def add(a):\n",
    "    b = a + 1\n",
    "    print(a, 'if you add 1', b)\n",
    "    return(b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Help on function add in module __main__:\n",
      "\n",
      "add(a)\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Get a help on add function\n",
    "\n",
    "help(add)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can create different functions. For example, we can create a function that multiplies two numbers. \n",
    "The numbers will be represented by the variables a and b:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "24\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Define a function for multiple two numbers\n",
    "\n",
    "def mult(a, b):\n",
    "    c = a * b\n",
    "    return(c)\n",
    "    print('This is not printed')\n",
    "\n",
    "result = mult(12, 2)\n",
    "print(result)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The same function written above can be used for different data types. \n",
    "For example, we can multiply two integers:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "31.400000000000002"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mult(10.0, 3.14)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Michael Jackson Michael Jackson '"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#We can even replicate a string by multiplying with an integer:\n",
    "mult(2, \"Michael Jackson \")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "                        Variables.\n",
    "A variable that is declared inside a function is called a 'local variable'(parameter only exists within the function)\n",
    "A variable that is declared outside a function definition is a 'global variable'\n",
    "    i.e: its value is accessible and modifiable throughout the program."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2 if you square + 1 5\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def square(a):\n",
    "    \n",
    "    #local variable b\n",
    "    b = 1\n",
    "    c = a * a + b\n",
    "    print(a, 'if you square + 1', c)\n",
    "    return(c)\n",
    "\n",
    "x = 2\n",
    "# Makes function call and return function a y\n",
    "y = square(x)\n",
    "y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2 if you square + 1 5\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#We can also call the function with an input of 2 in a different manner:\n",
    "square(2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Michael Jackson\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Define functions, one with return value None and other without return value\n",
    "\n",
    "def MJ():\n",
    "    print('Michael Jackson')\n",
    "MJ()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Michael Jackson\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def MJ1():\n",
    "    print('Michael Jackson')\n",
    "    return(None)\n",
    "MJ1()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Michael Jackson\n",
      "None\n",
      "Michael Jackson\n",
      "None\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(MJ())\n",
    "print(MJ1())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Create a function 'con' that concatenates two strings using the addition operation:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'This is'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Define the function for combining strings\n",
    "\n",
    "def con(a, b):\n",
    "    return(a + b)\n",
    "\n",
    "con(\"This \", \"is\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "A function combines many instructions into a single line of code."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#Block 1\n",
    "# a and b calculation block1\n",
    "\n",
    "a1 = 4\n",
    "b1 = 5\n",
    "c1 = a1 + b1 + 2 * a1 * b1 - 1\n",
    "if(c1 < 0):\n",
    "    c1 = 0 \n",
    "else:\n",
    "    c1 = 5\n",
    "c1   "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#Block 2\n",
    "# a and b calculation block2\n",
    "\n",
    "a2 = 0\n",
    "b2 = 0\n",
    "c2 = a2 + b2 + 2 * a2 * b2 - 1\n",
    "if(c2 < 0):\n",
    "    c2 = 0 \n",
    "else:\n",
    "    c2 = 5\n",
    "c2   "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can replace the above lines of code with a function."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Making a Function for the calculation in the blocks above\n",
    "\n",
    "def Equation(a,b):\n",
    "    c = a + b + 2 * a * b - 1\n",
    "    if(c < 0):\n",
    "        c = 0 \n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        c = 5\n",
    "    return(c) \n",
    "\n",
    "#we will replace the code in block 1 & 2 with codes in block 3 & 4"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#block 3\n",
    "\n",
    "a1 = 4\n",
    "b1 = 5\n",
    "c1 = Equation(a1, b1)\n",
    "c1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#block 4\n",
    "\n",
    "a2 = 0\n",
    "b2 = 0\n",
    "c2 = Equation(a2, b2)\n",
    "c2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Using the built-in functions in python"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[10.0, 8.5, 9.5, 7.0, 7.0, 9.5, 9.0, 9.5]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "album_ratings = [10.0, 8.5, 9.5, 7.0, 7.0, 9.5, 9.0, 9.5] \n",
    "print(album_ratings)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "album_ratings.sort()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "70.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#The sum() function adds all the elements in a list or tuple:\n",
    "\n",
    "sum(album_ratings) "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "8"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#The len() function returns the length of a list or tuple:\n",
    "\n",
    "len(album_ratings) "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "                            Using if/else Statements and Loops in Functions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Michael Jackson Thriller 1980\n",
      "Oldie\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Function example\n",
    "\n",
    "def type_of_album(artist, album, year_released):\n",
    "    \n",
    "    print(artist, album, year_released)\n",
    "    if year_released > 1980:\n",
    "        return \"Modern\"\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        return \"Oldie\"\n",
    "    \n",
    "x = type_of_album(\"Michael Jackson\", \"Thriller\", 1980)\n",
    "print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "1\n",
      "the man\n",
      "abc\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Print the list using 'for' loop\n",
    "def PrintList(the_list):\n",
    "    for element in the_list:\n",
    "        print(element)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Implement the printlist function        \n",
    "PrintList(['1', 1, 'the man', \"abc\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "                    Setting default argument values in a custom functions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "For example, in the isGoodRating() function below, We want to create a threshold for what we consider to be a good rating.\n",
    "By default, we whould have a default rating of 4:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "This album sucks, its rating is 4\n",
      "This album is good, its rating is 10\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def isGoodRating(rating = 4):\n",
    "    if (rating < 7):\n",
    "        print('This album sucks, its rating is', rating)\n",
    "        \n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print('This album is good, its rating is', rating)\n",
    "\n",
    "#Then we test the value with default value and with input\n",
    "isGoodRating()\n",
    "isGoodRating(10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Michael Jackson is an artist\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ename": "NameError",
     "evalue": "name 'internal_var1' is not defined",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-39-86438c577ebc>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      8\u001b[0m \u001b[0mprinter1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0martist\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      9\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# try runningthe following code\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m---> 10\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mprinter1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0minternal_var1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m: name 'internal_var1' is not defined"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Example of global variable\n",
    "\n",
    "artist = \"Michael Jackson\"\n",
    "def printer1(artist):\n",
    "    internal_var1 = artist\n",
    "    print(artist, \"is an artist\")\n",
    "    \n",
    "printer1(artist)\n",
    "# try runningthe following code\n",
    "printer1(internal_var1) "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We got an error because the 'interval_var1' is a local variable.\n",
    "    A variable that is defined within a function is said to be a local variable of that function. \n",
    "Meaning that the variable assignment does not persist outside the function."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Michael Jackson is an artist\n",
      "Whitney Houston is an artist\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#Here's how a created a global variable out of this function\n",
    "\n",
    "artist = \"Michael Jackson\"\n",
    "\n",
    "def printer(artist):\n",
    "    global internal_var      #........\n",
    "    internal_var= \"Whitney Houston\"\n",
    "    print(artist,\"is an artist\")\n",
    "\n",
    "printer(artist) \n",
    "printer(internal_var)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "AC/DC's rating is: 10.0\n",
      "Deep Purple's rating is: 0.0\n",
      "My favourite band is: AC/DC\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Example of global variable\n",
    "\n",
    "myFavouriteBand = \"AC/DC\"         #Already declared here as a global brand outside of the function.\n",
    "\n",
    "def getBandRating(bandname):\n",
    "    if bandname == myFavouriteBand:\n",
    "        return 10.0\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        return 0.0\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"AC/DC's rating is:\", getBandRating(\"AC/DC\"))\n",
    "print(\"Deep Purple's rating is:\",getBandRating(\"Deep Purple\"))\n",
    "print(\"My favourite band is:\", myFavouriteBand)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "AC/DC's rating is:  10.0\n",
      "Deep Purple's rating is:  0.0\n",
      "My favourite band is AC/DC\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Example of local variable\n",
    "\n",
    "def getBandRating(bandname):\n",
    "    myFavouriteBand = \"AC/DC\"\n",
    "    if bandname == myFavouriteBand:\n",
    "        return 10.0\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        return 0.0\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"AC/DC's rating is: \", getBandRating(\"AC/DC\"))\n",
    "print(\"Deep Purple's rating is: \", getBandRating(\"Deep Purple\"))\n",
    "print(\"My favourite band is\", myFavouriteBand)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "AC/DC's rating is: 0.0\n",
      "Deep Purple's rating is:  10.0\n",
      "My favourite band is: AC/DC\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Example of global variable and local variable with the same name\n",
    "\n",
    "myFavouriteBand = \"AC/DC\"\n",
    "\n",
    "def getBandRating(bandname):\n",
    "    myFavouriteBand = \"Deep Purple\"\n",
    "    if bandname == myFavouriteBand:\n",
    "        return 10.0\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        return 0.0\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"AC/DC's rating is:\",getBandRating(\"AC/DC\"))\n",
    "print(\"Deep Purple's rating is: \",getBandRating(\"Deep Purple\"))\n",
    "print(\"My favourite band is:\",myFavouriteBand)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "                                Collections and Functions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "No of arguments: 3\n",
      "Horsefeather\n",
      "Adonis\n",
      "Bone\n",
      "No of arguments: 4\n",
      "Sidecar\n",
      "Long Island\n",
      "Mudslide\n",
      "Carriage\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def printAll(*args): # All the arguments are 'packed' into args which can be treated like a tuple\n",
    "    print(\"No of arguments:\", len(args)) \n",
    "    for argument in args:\n",
    "        print(argument)\n",
    "#printAll with 3 arguments\n",
    "printAll('Horsefeather','Adonis','Bone')\n",
    "#printAll with 4 arguments\n",
    "printAll('Sidecar','Long Island','Mudslide','Carriage')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Country : Canada\n",
      "Province : Ontario\n",
      "City : Toronto\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def printDictionary(**args):\n",
    "    for key in args:\n",
    "        print(key + \" : \" + args[key])\n",
    "\n",
    "printDictionary(Country='Canada',Province='Ontario',City='Toronto')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['One', 'Two', 'Three', 'Four']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def addItems(list):\n",
    "    list.append(\"Three\")\n",
    "    list.append(\"Four\")\n",
    "\n",
    "myList = [\"One\",\"Two\"]\n",
    "\n",
    "addItems(myList)\n",
    "\n",
    "myList"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "                                            Quiz on Functions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "4.0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#Come up with a function that divides the first input by the second input:\n",
    "\n",
    "def div(a, b):\n",
    "    c = a / b\n",
    "    return(c)\n",
    "\n",
    "answer= div(20, 5)\n",
    "print(answer)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "30\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Use the con function for the following question to add two integers or strings\n",
    "\n",
    "def con(a, b):\n",
    "    return(a + b)\n",
    "\n",
    "result=con(20, 10)\n",
    "print(result)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[3, 1, 1, 2]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 53,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "con([3, 1], [1, 2])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def fillBag(**balls):\n",
    "    global bag\n",
    "    bag = balls\n",
    "\n",
    "def totalBalls():\n",
    "    total = 0\n",
    "    for color in bag:\n",
    "        total += bag[color]\n",
    "    return total\n",
    "    # alternatively,\n",
    "    # return sum(bag.values())\n",
    "\n",
    "def probOf(color):\n",
    "    return bag[color]/totalBalls()\n",
    "\n",
    "def probAll():\n",
    "    probDict = {}\n",
    "    for color in bag:\n",
    "        probDict[color] = probOf(color)\n",
    "    return probDict"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 64,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def add(x):\n",
    "    return(x+x)\n",
    "    \n",
    "add(1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 66,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def hello():\n",
    "    print(\"hello\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "SyntaxError",
     "evalue": "invalid syntax (<ipython-input-67-07ac9dfe2c9e>, line 1)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;36m  File \u001b[0;32m\"<ipython-input-67-07ac9dfe2c9e>\"\u001b[0;36m, line \u001b[0;32m1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31m    def add(1, 2):\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m            ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31mSyntaxError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;31m:\u001b[0m invalid syntax\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def add(1, 2):\n",
    "    output = 1 + 2\n",
    "    return(output)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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