things_you_are_probably_not_using_in_python_3_but_should/python 3 examples.ipynb

python_3.ipynb

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  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Things you're probably not using in Python 3 - but should\n",
    "\n",
    "Code examples from the [DataWhatNow](https://datawhatnow.com) blog on a [blog post abot Python 3](https://datawhatnow.com/things-you-are-probably-not-using-in-python-3-but-should).\n",
    "\n",
    "## All the code examples are executed in python 3.7"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3.7.1 (default, Dec 14 2018, 19:28:38) \n",
      "[GCC 7.3.0]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import sys\n",
    "\n",
    "print(sys.version)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Interpolation f-strings"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "User Jane Doe has logged in and did an action buy.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "user = \"Jane Doe\"\n",
    "action = \"buy\"\n",
    "\n",
    "log_message = 'User {} has logged in and did an action {}.'.format(user, action)\n",
    "print(log_message)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "User Jane Doe has logged in and did an action buy.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "user = \"Jane Doe\"\n",
    "action = \"buy\"\n",
    "\n",
    "log_message = f'User {user} has logged in and did an action {action}.'\n",
    "print(log_message)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Path Library"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "post_sub_folder\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from pathlib import Path\n",
    "\n",
    "root = Path('post_sub_folder')\n",
    "print(root)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/home/weenkus/Workspace/Projects/DataWhatNow-Codes/things_you_are_probably_not_using_in_python_3_but_should/post_sub_folder/happy_user\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "path = root / 'happy_user'\n",
    "\n",
    "# Make the path absolute\n",
    "print(path.resolve())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Type hinting"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def sentence_has_animal(sentence: str) -> bool:\n",
    "  return \"animal\" in sentence\n",
    "\n",
    "sentence_has_animal(\"Donald had a farm without animals\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Enumerations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Monster.ZOMBIE\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from enum import Enum, auto\n",
    "\n",
    "class Monster(Enum):\n",
    "    ZOMBIE = auto()\n",
    "    WARRIOR = auto()\n",
    "    BEAR = auto()\n",
    "    \n",
    "print(Monster.ZOMBIE)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Monster.ZOMBIE\n",
      "Monster.WARRIOR\n",
      "Monster.BEAR\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for monster in Monster:\n",
    "    print(monster)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Built-in LRU cache"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import time\n",
    "\n",
    "def fib(number: int) -> int:\n",
    "    if number == 0: return 0\n",
    "    if number == 1: return 1\n",
    "    \n",
    "    return fib(number-1) + fib(number-2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Duration: 29.93897843360901s\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "start = time.time()\n",
    "fib(40)\n",
    "print(f'Duration: {time.time() - start}s')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from functools import lru_cache\n",
    "\n",
    "@lru_cache(maxsize=512)\n",
    "def fib_memoization(number: int) -> int:\n",
    "    if number == 0: return 0\n",
    "    if number == 1: return 1\n",
    "    \n",
    "    return fib_memoization(number-1) + fib_memoization(number-2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Duration: 6.580352783203125e-05s\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "start = time.time()\n",
    "fib_memoization(40)\n",
    "print(f'Duration: {time.time() - start}s')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Unpacking"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0 [1, 2, 3] 4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "head, *body, tail = range(5)\n",
    "print(head, body, tail)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "python3.7\n",
      "script.py\n",
      "['-n', '5', '-l', '15']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "py, filename, *cmds = \"python3.7 script.py -n 5 -l 15\".split()\n",
    "print(py)\n",
    "print(filename)\n",
    "print(cmds)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0 2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "first, _, third, *_ = range(10)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(first, third)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Data classes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "10.4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class Armor:\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def __init__(self, armor: float, description: str, level: int = 1):\n",
    "        self.armor = armor\n",
    "        self.level = level\n",
    "        self.description = description\n",
    "                 \n",
    "    def power(self) -> float:\n",
    "        return self.armor * self.level\n",
    "    \n",
    "armor = Armor(5.2, \"Common armor.\", 2)\n",
    "armor.power()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<__main__.Armor object at 0x7f09d83f8ac8>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(armor)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "10.4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from dataclasses import dataclass\n",
    "\n",
    "@dataclass\n",
    "class Armor:\n",
    "    armor: float\n",
    "    description: str\n",
    "    level: int = 1\n",
    "    \n",
    "\n",
    "    def power(self) -> float:\n",
    "        return self.armor * self.level\n",
    "    \n",
    "armor = Armor(5.2, \"Common armor.\", 2)\n",
    "armor.power()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Armor(armor=5.2, description='Common armor.', level=2)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(armor)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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