Based on some tinkering I was doing with qemu for some ARM dev, I think I may have found a technique to allow general 32-bit support in WSL. Hat-tip to @therealkenc for the concept 😁
Edit: requires "Fall Creators Update", 1709, build 16299 or newer (I think)
Presuming a fresh Ubuntu WSL instance, you'll need to install the qemu-user-static package, add the i386 binfmt, enable the i386 architecture, update your package lists, and install some i386 packages:
Install qemu and binfmt sudo apt update sudo apt install qemu-user-static