We're going to be dealing with a "Hello, world!" program. Just one. There's going to be a bunch of fruit for discussion here. I'm going to be assuming you're on Linux, because we're gonna be talking about ELF and Macs use Mach-O and I don't know anything about Mach-O.
#include <stdio.h>
char *penguin = "Penguin";
char array[5] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'};