A fresh Windows isn't entirely ready for modern development, but all the tools you need are available. A good terminal, popular bash tools, Git, a decent package manager - when properly setup, modern development on Windows can be a lot of fun. In particular, this document outlines how to configure your Windows in such a way that it can easily handle most development tasks usually run on a Mac OS X or a Linux distro.
☝️ While Bash on Windows isn't perfect yet, it's an amazing tool that can make development a lot easier - especially when you're dealing with Bash scripts, Ruby, or Ubuntu binaries. I would currently (January 2017) not recommend it as a replacement for Git, Node, or Go - mostly because those tools are already pretty performant on Windows itself. However, they run just fine in Bash, so if you feel like moving most of your development over, go