Paid content makes up a significant portion of the content available online, especially high value content. Users who are seeking information via search engines frequently run queries for which the most relevant content is to be found from payment-required sources. However, in order that search crawlers are able to index this content, paid content publishers typically permit such crawlers to access their pages as if the crawler were a paid-up subscriber. As a result, search results displayed to users of search engines can create the expectation of free content and disappointment or frustration when the user is denied access.
To date, search providers have attempted to solve this problem by requiring content owners to make content available to searchers in the same form as it is available to the crawler, when a searcher clicks on a search result, a practice known as "First click free". In most cases it is a breach of the search provider's terms of service to bar se