So your i2c device isn't responding to a simple read request from your MCU master?
- Have you swapped SCL and SDA in hardware?
- Are your cables and connectors good?
- Is the common ground connection between the MCU and the external device solid?
- Do you know where the pull-up resistors are?
- Does the device you're trying to address have power?
- Do the logic level voltages between the external device and the MCU match?