r_intro.ipynb

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   "source": [
    "## Hello World"
   ]
  },
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     "text": [
      "[1] \"Hello World\"\n",
      "[1] \"日本語の入出力を確認します\"\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 行頭に # をつけた行や行の途中での # 以降はコメントとして扱われます\n",
    "# 引用符（\" または '）で囲んだ文字は文字列として処理されます\n",
    "print(\"Hello World\")\n",
    "print(\"日本語の入出力を確認します\")  # ここからはコメント"
   ]
  },
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "## 四則演算"
   ]
  },
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   "execution_count": 16,
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   "source": [
    "# 演算の優先順位は数学と同じ\n",
    "# 括弧内の演算 > かけ算・割り算 > 足し算・引き算\n",
    "1 + 1\n",
    "5 - 5\n",
    "2 * 3\n",
    "(2 + 4) / 3"
   ]
  },
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   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 論理演算"
   ]
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       "[1] TRUE"
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       "FALSE"
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       "[1] FALSE"
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       "[1] TRUE"
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       "[1] TRUE"
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       "'logical'"
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       "'logical'"
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       "'logical'"
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       "[1] \"logical\""
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   ],
   "source": [
    "# Rでは論理値ベクトルとして TRUE（真）、FALSE（偽）、NAがあります\n",
    "9 > 8\n",
    "1.1 <= 1.0\n",
    "\"apple\" == \"apple\"\n",
    "\"apple\" != \"banana\"\n",
    "\n",
    "class(c(TRUE, FALSE, NA))"
   ]
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   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 変数へのオブジェクトの代入"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "# Rでは <- （または ->、=）によってオブジェクトの内容を変数に割り当てます\n",
    "x <- 6\n",
    "y <- 3\n",
    "# 変数は環境中に保存され、変数名により参照できます\n",
    "z <- x + y\n",
    "z\n",
    "# 変数に保存された内容は上書きされるまで残ります\n",
    "x\n",
    "x <- 9\n",
    "x\n",
    "# xの値が変わっても変更前に計算された値には影響ありません\n",
    "z"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## 関数"
   ]
  },
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   "source": [
    "# Rには一般的な数学関数が定義されています\n",
    "# 関数は 関数名(引数名 = 値) の形で実行します\n",
    "sqrt(x = 2) # 平方根\n",
    "sqrt(3)\n",
    "log(10) # 自然対数\n",
    "log10(100) # 常用対数（底が10の対数）\n",
    "exp(1) # 指数関数\n"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## ドキュメントの参照\n",
    "\n",
    "`help(\"関数名\")`関数や`?関数名`のように、参照する関数名を与えて実行します。\n",
    "\n"
   ]
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      "MathFun                  package:base                  R Documentation\n",
      "\n",
      "_\bM_\bi_\bs_\bc_\be_\bl_\bl_\ba_\bn_\be_\bo_\bu_\bs _\bM_\ba_\bt_\bh_\be_\bm_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bl _\bF_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\bs\n",
      "\n",
      "_\bD_\be_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn:\n",
      "\n",
      "     ‘abs(x)’ computes the absolute value of x, ‘sqrt(x)’ computes the\n",
      "     (principal) square root of x, sqrt{x}.\n",
      "\n",
      "     The naming follows the standard for computer languages such as C\n",
      "     or Fortran.\n",
      "\n",
      "_\bU_\bs_\ba_\bg_\be:\n",
      "\n",
      "     abs(x)\n",
      "     sqrt(x)\n",
      "     \n",
      "_\bA_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs:\n",
      "\n",
      "       x: a numeric or ‘complex’ vector or array.\n",
      "\n",
      "_\bD_\be_\bt_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bs:\n",
      "\n",
      "     These are internal generic primitive functions: methods can be\n",
      "     defined for them individually or via the ‘Math’ group generic.\n",
      "     For complex arguments (and the default method), ‘z’, ‘abs(z) ==\n",
      "     Mod(z)’ and ‘sqrt(z) == z^0.5’.\n",
      "\n",
      "     ‘abs(x)’ returns an ‘integer’ vector when ‘x’ is ‘integer’ or\n",
      "     ‘logical’.\n",
      "\n",
      "_\bS_\b4 _\bm_\be_\bt_\bh_\bo_\bd_\bs:\n",
      "\n",
      "     Both are S4 generic and members of the ‘Math’ group generic.\n",
      "\n",
      "_\bR_\be_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be_\bs:\n",
      "\n",
      "     Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) _The New S\n",
      "     Language_.  Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.\n",
      "\n",
      "_\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo:\n",
      "\n",
      "     ‘Arithmetic’ for simple, ‘log’ for logarithmic, ‘sin’ for\n",
      "     trigonometric, and ‘Special’ for special mathematical functions.\n",
      "\n",
      "     ‘plotmath’ for the use of ‘sqrt’ in plot annotation.\n",
      "\n",
      "_\bE_\bx_\ba_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be_\bs:\n",
      "\n",
      "     require(stats) # for spline\n",
      "     require(graphics)\n",
      "     xx <- -9:9\n",
      "     plot(xx, sqrt(abs(xx)),  col = \"red\")\n",
      "     lines(spline(xx, sqrt(abs(xx)), n=101), col = \"pink\")\n",
      "     "
     ]
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      "log                  package:IRkernel                  R Documentation\n",
      "\n",
      "_\bK_\be_\br_\bn_\be_\bl _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bg_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\bs\n",
      "\n",
      "_\bD_\be_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn:\n",
      "\n",
      "     A set of exported logging utilities that have the capability to be\n",
      "     used in upstream projects. Log level and log file can be set via R\n",
      "     package options e.g. ‘options(jupyter.log_level = 2L)’ or from the\n",
      "     environment variables JUPYTER_LOG_LEVEL and JUPYTER_LOGFILE.\n",
      "\n",
      "_\bU_\bs_\ba_\bg_\be:\n",
      "\n",
      "     log_debug(...)\n",
      "     \n",
      "     log_info(...)\n",
      "     \n",
      "     log_error(...)\n",
      "     \n",
      "_\bA_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs:\n",
      "\n",
      "     ...: message to log\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# ここではコメントアウトで実行しないようにしています。コメントアウトを外して実行してみましょう。\n",
    "# help(\"sqrt\")\n",
    "# ?log"
   ]
  }
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