I have moved this over to the Tech Interview Cheat Sheet Repo since a gist is too difficult to maintain as an open source endevaor and there is no way to version it. I have updated below, but I will not be able to keep this one up to date so please checkout the repo instead. The below is just for some preservation for those who stumble across here.
This list is meant to be both a quick guide and reference for further research into these topics. It's basically a summary of that comp sci course you never took or forgot about, so there's no way it can cover everything in depth.
Please see the Tech Interview Cheat Sheet Repo