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import java.io.*;

/**
 * Using Serialization & Deserialization, we can create new instance
 * thereby breaking SingletonPattern
 */
public class SingletonDeserializationExample implements Serializable {

    private static SingletonDeserializationExample single_instance = null;

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/**
 * By explicitly throwing CloneNotSupported exception from the clone()
 * would prevent object creation the second time, thereby preventing
 * the breaking of Singleton Pattern
 */
public class SingletonCloningPreventExample extends SuperCloneableClass {

    private static SingletonCloningPreventExample single_instance = null;

    /**

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/**
 * Using Cloneable Interface, we can create more than one instance in a Singleton class by
 * simply using the clone() on the first object
 */
public class SingletonCloningExample implements Cloneable {

    private static SingletonCloningExample single_instance = null;

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException

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import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;

/**
 * Illustration of preventing breakage of Singleton pattern using Reflection API
 */
public class SingletonReflectionPreventExample {
    private static SingletonReflectionPreventExample single_instance = null;

    /**
     * Making the constructor as private

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import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;

/**
 * Using ReflectionAPI, we can create more than one instance in a Singleton class
 */
public class SingletonReflectionExample {
    private static SingletonReflectionExample single_instance = null;

    /**
     * Making the constructor as private

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/**
 * An illustration of state design pattern
 */
public class StateExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Parcel parcel = new Parcel();
        parcel.printStatus();

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/**
 * An illustration of adapter design pattern
 */
public class AdapterExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        /**
         * Using AudioPlayer for playing different audio formats
         */

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/**
 * An illustration of decorator design pattern
 */
public class DecoratorExample {

    public static void main(String args[]) {

        /**
         * Creating new Margherita pizza
         */

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import java.util.Scanner;

public class FactoryMethodExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        System.out.println("Enter the type of car:\nAudi \nTesla");

        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        String carType = in.nextLine();

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/**
 * Singleton is a design pattern by which you create a singleton class that has only one instance
 * at any time
 *
 */
public class SingletonExample {

    private static SingletonExample single_instance = null;

    public String msg;