wgong/what_is_time.ipynb

## what_is_time.ipynb
{
 "metadata": {
  "name": "what-is-time"
 },
 "nbformat": 3,
 "nbformat_minor": 0,
 "worksheets": [
  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<font color=blue>What</font> <font color=green> Is </font> <font color=red> Time ?</font>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "from IPython.display import HTML"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 2
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "HTML('<iframe src=http://raphaeljs.com/polar-clock.html width=630 height=630></iframe>')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "html": [
        "<iframe src=http://raphaeljs.com/polar-clock.html width=630 height=630></iframe>"
       ],
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 16,
       "text": [
        "<IPython.core.display.HTML at 0x4506710>"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 16
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "HTML('<iframe src=http://randomibis.com/coolclock/justclock.html width=340 height=340></iframe>')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "html": [
        "<iframe src=http://randomibis.com/coolclock/justclock.html width=340 height=340></iframe>"
       ],
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 17,
       "text": [
        "<IPython.core.display.HTML at 0x4506890>"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 17
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "HTML('<iframe src=http://www.uize.com/examples/digital-clock.html width=850 height=600></iframe>')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "html": [
        "<iframe src=http://www.uize.com/examples/digital-clock.html width=850 height=600></iframe>"
       ],
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 4,
       "text": [
        "<IPython.core.display.HTML at 0x4506490>"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 4
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "#### Time always ticks and never stops\n",
      "<br>\n",
      "In computer world, time starts at 12:00am, January 1, 1970 (epoch). Every time interval is a tick or second."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "In python world, there are 3 basic modules to track time:\n",
      "\n",
      "* [time](http://docs.python.org/2/library/time.html#module-time)\n",
      "* [datetime](http://docs.python.org/2/library/datetime.html#module-datetime)\n",
      "* [calendar](http://docs.python.org/2/library/calendar.html#module-calendar)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Question: how many ticks are there since epoch?"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import time\n",
      "nticks = time.time()\n",
      "print \"It is now %f ticks (seconds) past epoch\" % nticks"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "It is now 1353713584.312000 ticks (seconds) past epoch\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 18
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "#### Time is structured as a tuple of 9 pieces\n",
      "\n",
      "<table>\n",
      "    <tr><th>Index</th><th>Attribute</th><th>Meaning</th><th>Value</th><th>Range</th></tr>\n",
      "    <tr><td>0</td><td>tm_year</td><td>4-digit year</td><td>2012</td><td>1 - 9999</td></tr>\n",
      "    <tr><td>1</td><td>tm_mon</td><td>montd</td><td>11</td><td>1 - 12</td></tr>\n",
      "    <tr><td>2</td><td>tm_mday</td><td>day of montd</td><td>23</td><td>1 - 31</td></tr>\n",
      "    <tr><td>3</td><td>tm_hour</td><td>24 hour</td><td>18</td><td>0 - 23</td></tr>\n",
      "    <tr><td>4</td><td>tm_min</td><td>minute</td><td>52</td><td>0 - 59</td></tr>\n",
      "    <tr><td>5</td><td>tm_sec</td><td>second</td><td>6</td><td>0 - 61 (60 or 61 are leap seconds)</td></tr>\n",
      "    <tr><td>6</td><td>tm_wday</td><td>day of week</td><td>4</td><td>0 - 6 (0 for Monday)</td></tr>\n",
      "    <tr><td>7</td><td>tm_yday</td><td>day of year</td><td>328</td><td>1 - 366 (Julian day)</td></tr>\n",
      "    <tr><td>8</td><td>tm_isdst</td><td>daylight savings</td><td>0</td><td>-1, 0, 1 (-1 means library determines DST)</td></tr>\n",
      "    \n",
      "</table>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "print \"Year (Min, Max): (%d, %d)\" % (datetime.MINYEAR, datetime.MAXYEAR)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "Year (Min, Max): (1, 9999)\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "localtime = time.localtime(time.time())\n",
      "print \"local time is:\\n\\t\", localtime"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "local time is:\n",
        "\ttime.struct_time(tm_year=2012, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=23, tm_hour=19, tm_min=3, tm_sec=19, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=328, tm_isdst=0)\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 23
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "print \"local time is:\\n\\t\", time.asctime(localtime)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "local time is:\n",
        "\tFri Nov 23 19:03:19 2012\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 24
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import datetime"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": []
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# what timezone are you in\n",
      "print time.tzname"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "('Eastern Standard Time', 'Eastern Daylight Time')\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 35
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Time units"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": []
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "The Equation of Time"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "raw",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "The equation of time (EOT) is a formula used in the process of converting between solar time and clock time to compensate for the earth's elliptical orbit around the sun and its axial tilt. Essentially, the earth does not move perfectly smoothly in a perfectly circular orbit, so the EOT adjusts for that. "
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "N=np.arange(361)\n",
      "B=360*(N-81)/365.0 * np.pi/180.0\n",
      "E=9.87*np.sin(2*B) - 7.53*np.cos(B) - 1.5*np.sin(B)\n",
      "\n",
      "fig=plt.figure()\n",
      "ax=fig.add_subplot(111)\n",
      "ax.grid()\n",
      "ax.set_xlim(-5,365)\n",
      "ax.set_ylim(-17,20)\n",
      "ax.set_xlabel('Day of Year')\n",
      "ax.set_ylabel('Time Adjustment (min)')\n",
      "ax.set_title('Equation of Time')\n",
      "ax.plot(N,E,'ro')\n",
      "plt.show()"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "display_data",
       "png": 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p9YO9jf38ZqNQ3zW7MgIxWEcEIWU/3W0bsRqMccBbWOeuJwHNAfPx47w4bBjj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\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 22
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "raw",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "The EOT can be approximated by the following formula:"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "$$ E = 9.87 sin(2B) - 7.53 cos(B) - 1.5 sin(B) $$"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "where $ B = \\frac{360}{365} (N-81) $ &nbsp; in degree and $N$ is the day of year."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "#### Show me a calendar"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import calendar\n",
      "# set Sunday as 1st column\n",
      "calendar.setfirstweekday(6)\n",
      "# show calendar for a month\n",
      "cal = calendar.month(2012,11)\n",
      "print cal"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "   November 2012\n",
        "Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa\n",
        "             1  2  3\n",
        " 4  5  6  7  8  9 10\n",
        "11 12 13 14 15 16 17\n",
        "18 19 20 21 22 23 24\n",
        "25 26 27 28 29 30\n",
        "\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 29
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# show calendar for a year\n",
      "cal2 = calendar.calendar(2012)\n",
      "print cal2"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "                                  2012\n",
        "\n",
        "      January                   February                   March\n",
        "Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa      Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa      Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa\n",
        " 1  2  3  4  5  6  7                1  2  3  4                   1  2  3\n",
        " 8  9 10 11 12 13 14       5  6  7  8  9 10 11       4  5  6  7  8  9 10\n",
        "15 16 17 18 19 20 21      12 13 14 15 16 17 18      11 12 13 14 15 16 17\n",
        "22 23 24 25 26 27 28      19 20 21 22 23 24 25      18 19 20 21 22 23 24\n",
        "29 30 31                  26 27 28 29               25 26 27 28 29 30 31\n",
        "\n",
        "       April                      May                       June\n",
        "Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa      Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa      Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa\n",
        " 1  2  3  4  5  6  7             1  2  3  4  5                      1  2\n",
        " 8  9 10 11 12 13 14       6  7  8  9 10 11 12       3  4  5  6  7  8  9\n",
        "15 16 17 18 19 20 21      13 14 15 16 17 18 19      10 11 12 13 14 15 16\n",
        "22 23 24 25 26 27 28      20 21 22 23 24 25 26      17 18 19 20 21 22 23\n",
        "29 30                     27 28 29 30 31            24 25 26 27 28 29 30\n",
        "\n",
        "        July                     August                  September\n",
        "Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa      Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa      Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa\n",
        " 1  2  3  4  5  6  7                1  2  3  4                         1\n",
        " 8  9 10 11 12 13 14       5  6  7  8  9 10 11       2  3  4  5  6  7  8\n",
        "15 16 17 18 19 20 21      12 13 14 15 16 17 18       9 10 11 12 13 14 15\n",
        "22 23 24 25 26 27 28      19 20 21 22 23 24 25      16 17 18 19 20 21 22\n",
        "29 30 31                  26 27 28 29 30 31         23 24 25 26 27 28 29\n",
        "                                                    30\n",
        "\n",
        "      October                   November                  December\n",
        "Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa      Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa      Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa\n",
        "    1  2  3  4  5  6                   1  2  3                         1\n",
        " 7  8  9 10 11 12 13       4  5  6  7  8  9 10       2  3  4  5  6  7  8\n",
        "14 15 16 17 18 19 20      11 12 13 14 15 16 17       9 10 11 12 13 14 15\n",
        "21 22 23 24 25 26 27      18 19 20 21 22 23 24      16 17 18 19 20 21 22\n",
        "28 29 30 31               25 26 27 28 29 30         23 24 25 26 27 28 29\n",
        "                                                    30 31\n",
        "\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 32
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "#### History of time-keeping"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<table><tr>\n",
      "    <td><img src='http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg/290px-The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg' width=200 height=200></td>\n",
      "    <td><img src='http://theballyblog.com/storage/stonehenge.jpeg' width=200 height=200></td>\n",
      "    <td><img src='http://www.1worldglobes.com/images/2520NumbersSundial.gif' width=200 height=200></td>\n",
      "</tr>\n",
      "\n",
      "<tr>\n",
      "    <td><img src='http://www.uh.edu/engines/foliotverge.jpg' width=200 height=200></td>\n",
      "    <td><img src='http://www.adamspiers.org/photos/London/friends/Stacey_visit/Big_Ben_closeup.jpg' width=200 height=200></td>\n",
      "    <td><img src='http://remodelista.com/img/sub/uimg/janet/12-2010/Howard-miller-clock.jpg' width=200 height=200></td>\n",
      "</tr>\n",
      "\n",
      "<tr>\n",
      "    <td><img src='http://images.sodahead.com/polls/000991441/round_led_animated_digital_clock_answer_1_xlarge.jpeg' width=200 height=200></td>\n",
      "    <td><img src='http://dl.dropbox.com/u/54552252/img/virtual-clock.jpg' width=200 height=200></td>\n",
      "    <td><img src='http://www.nist.gov/pml/div688/grp50/images/nistf1ph_1.jpg' width=200 height=200></td>\n",
      "</tr>\n",
      "\n",
      "</table>"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "#### Story of Time by a modern string physicist"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "from IPython.display import YouTubeVideo\n",
      "YouTubeVideo('MTx6ha6fRwo')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "html": [
        "\n",
        "            <iframe\n",
        "                width=\"400\"\n",
        "                height=\"300\"\n",
        "                src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/MTx6ha6fRwo\"\n",
        "                frameborder=\"0\"\n",
        "                allowfullscreen\n",
        "            ></iframe>\n",
        "        "
       ],
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 44,
       "text": [
        "<IPython.lib.display.YouTubeVideo at 0x451e8b0>"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 44
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<font color=red size=+1>watch the rest: </font> [Time - a BBC documentary](http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=DDC8B9A17F8A88A4)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "#### References\n",
      "\n",
      "* [Python][1] \n",
      "* [Tutorials Point][2]\n",
      "* [CoolClock][3]\n",
      "* [Clock@Wikipedia][4]\n",
      "* [Time Units@Wikipedia][5]\n",
      "\n",
      "[1]: http://docs.python.org/2/library/index.html \"Python Standard Library\"\n",
      "[2]: http://www.tutorialspoint.com/python \"Tutorials Point\"\n",
      "[3]: http://randomibis.com/coolclock/ \"CoolClock\"\n",
      "[4]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock \"Wiki Clock\"\n",
      "[5]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_of_time \"Wiki Time Unit\""
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      " \n",
      "<a href=\"mailto:wen.g.gong@gmail.com?Subject=What_Is_Time\">\n",
      "Any feedback is welcome</a>\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n",
      "    show_input=true;\n",
      "    function toggle_input(){\n",
      "        if (show_input){\n",
      "            $('div.input').hide();\n",
      "        }else{\n",
      "            $('div.input').show();\n",
      "        }\n",
      "        show_input = !show_input\n",
      "    }\n",
      "\n",
      "    show_output=true;\n",
      "    function toggle_output(){\n",
      "        if (show_output){\n",
      "            $('div.output').hide();\n",
      "        }else{\n",
      "            $('div.output').show();\n",
      "        }\n",
      "        show_output = !show_output\n",
      "    }\n",
      "    \n",
      "</script>\n",
      "<a href=\"javascript:toggle_input()\" target=\"_self\">toggle_in</a> &nbsp;|&nbsp; <a href=\"javascript:toggle_output()\" target=\"_self\">toggle_out</a>"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}