Implementing probability as logic using Python's data model methods

prob_logic.ipynb

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   "source": [
    "# Probability as logic using Python's data model\n",
    "\n",
    "In this short notebook we'll show how probability really is just an extension of boolean logic. We'll make a class `P`, that uses Python's data model methods to implement a working example of probability as logic using `-`,`&` and `|`."
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    "class P:\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Example of Probability as logic using Python's data model\n",
    "    In this simple example these probabilites are assumed to \n",
    "    be conditionally independent.\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    def __init__(self,prob):\n",
    "        assert prob >= 0, \"probabilities can't be negative!\" \n",
    "        assert prob <= 1, \"probabilities can't be great than 1!\"\n",
    "        self.prob = prob\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def __repr__(self):\n",
    "        return \"P({})\".format(self.prob)\n",
    "\n",
    "    def __neg__(self):\n",
    "        return P(1-self.prob)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def __and__(self,P2):\n",
    "        return P(self.prob * P2.prob)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def __or__(self,P2):\n",
    "        return P(self.prob + P2.prob - (self & P2).prob)\n",
    "    \n"
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   "source": [
    "We can then use this to work out probabilities of various events happening using python!\n",
    "\n",
    "Suppose, for example, you know that there is a 0.3 probability of rain tomorrow and you'll get rained of if forget your umbrella or your umbrella is broken. Then let's say you forget your umbrella with a probability 0.1 and you think your umbrella might be the broken, we'll give that a probability of 0.7. \n",
    "\n",
    "Now let's use logic to answer: What's the probability you will *not* get wet?\n",
    "\n",
    "Let's start with our facts:"
   ]
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    "rain = P(0.3)\n",
    "forget = P(0.1)\n",
    "broken = P(0.7)"
   ]
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
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    "The probability of being `wet` is:"
   ]
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   "execution_count": 3,
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    "wet = rain & (forget | broken)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "and logically the probability of being dry is:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "P(0.781)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "-wet"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "With probability as logic, no matter how complicated our reasoning, we can know trivially code up a solution in Python!"
   ]
  }
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