zxdcm

Browser components:
1. UI                                     |
↓                                         |
2. Browser Engine ========================|===========> data persistance
3. Rendering Engine                       ↓ (25)
  4. Networking 5. JS Interpreter 6. UI Backend

Chrome uses several display modules 

zxdcm

NoSql
CAP Theorm (no dbms that follow 3 rules at the same time)
Consistency 
Accesability 
Partition tolerance

Vertical and Horizontal scaling in terms RDBMS:
You can partition data vertically (splitting tables into subsets of columns and implementing each subset as a separate table) and horizontally (splitting tables into subsets of rows, and implementing each subset as a separate table where each table contains the same columns). You can place different partitions on different servers to spread the load and improve scalability.
Sharding - horizontal scaling of data 
Sharding migth decrease performance (for example when join 2 tables on differ shards => try to store at the same shard)