SSH Cheatsheet

commands.md

sudo sshd -t

sudo systemctl restart sshd

sudo systemctl status sshd

sshd_config

# /etc/ssh/sshd_config 
# sshd_config(5)
# https://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config
# https://www.openssh.com/legacy.html

AddressFamily inet 
# Only use IPv4 

ListenAddress x.x.x.x 
# Default is to listen on all local addresses 
# Better to specify an actual IP address to listen on 

Protocol 2 
# Only use protocol version 2 

LogLevel VERBOSE 
# Logs user's key fingerprint on login 

HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
# Key files cannot be group/world-accessible 

PermitRootLogin no 
# root user cannot login via SSH 

AuthenticationMethods publickey 
# Only allow public key authentication for login 

Subsystem sftp internal-sftp 
# Use sshd internal SFTP server code (plays nicer with Chroot) 
# See https://serverfault.com/a/660325 for differences with 
# Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server 
# If you just scp files you can disable this to reduce attack surface 

# Cryptography 

KexAlgorithms curve25519-sha256
# Allow only curve25519

HostKeyAlgorithms ssh-ed25519,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
# Allow only ed25519 or ECDSA keys for client authentication
# ECDSA for Secretive/ Secure Enclave keys
# ed25519 for everything else

Ciphers chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com
# Only use chacha20-poly1305
# Chacha20-poly1305 is preferred over AES-GCM because the SSH protocol does 
#   not encrypt message sizes when GCM (or EtM) is in use. 
#   This allows some traffic analysis even without decrypting the data.
#   See: http://blog.djm.net.au/2013/11/chacha20-and-poly1305-in-openssh.html

MACs hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com
# Only use encrypt then mac (etm) MACs
# Allow only HMAC-SHA2-512/256 or UMAC-128
#   https://crypto.stackexchange.com/a/56432