new_scope.js

var mongoose = require('mongoose');
mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/test');
var db = mongoose.connection;

var geocoder = require("geocoder");

var db = mongoose.connection;
db.on('error', console.error.bind(console, 'connection error: Make sure thatmongod is running'));
db.once('open', function callback() {

    Location = require('./schema/location.js')()
    Job = require('./schema/job.js')()
    Message = require('./message.js')

    Job.find(function(err, jobs) {
        if (err) return console.error(err);
        var jobs = jobs;
        Message.start();

        var getJobs = function(i) {
            if (i >= jobs.length) {
                Message.finish(jobs.length);
                return
            };
            var hq = jobs[i].headquarters
            locationq(hq, i) // check location
        }

        var locationq = function(hqs, i) {
            Location.find({
                location: hqs
            }, function(err, data) {
                if (data.length === 0) {
                    Message.location_not_found(hqs)
                    geocode(hqs, i) // hq not found, run the geocoder to find it's coordinates and add it
                } else {
                    getJobs(i + 1) // hq was found, move to the next
                }
            })
        }

        var geocode = function(location, i) {
            geocoder.geocode(location, function(err, data) {
                if (err) {
                    setTimeout(function() {
                        // Further error reporting could occur here
                        Message.geocode_error
                        getJobs(i)
                    }, 2500);
                } else {
                    data_posi = data.results[0].geometry.location // Location was found.
                    var location_data = new Location({
                        location: location,
                        latitude: data_posi.lat,
                        longitude: data_posi.lng
                    })
                    location_data.save(function(err, data) {
                        // Save location in
                        if (err) return console.error(err);
                        Message.location_saved(data.location)
                    });
                    setTimeout(function() {
                        getJobs(i + 1) // 
                    }, 2500);
                }
            })
        }
        getJobs(0);
    })

})

old_scope.js

var mongoose = require('mongoose');
mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/test');
var db = mongoose.connection;

var geocoder = require("geocoder");

var db = mongoose.connection;
db.on('error', console.error.bind(console, 'connection error: Make sure thatmongod is running'));
db.once('open', function callback() {

    Location = require('./schema/location.js')()
    Job = require('./schema/job.js')()
    Message = require('./message.js')

    Job.find(function(err, jobs) {
        if (err) return console.error(err);
        Message.start();
        getJobs(jobs, 0);
    })

    var getJobs = function(jobs, i) {
        if (i >= jobs.length) {
            Message.finish(jobs.length);
            return
        };
        var hq = jobs[i].headquarters
        locationq(hq, jobs, i) // check location
        // passing jobs from the original function into the new one, is this normal practice? 
    }

    var locationq = function(hqs, jobs, i) {
        Location.find({
            location: hqs
        }, function(err, data) {
            if (data.length === 0) {
                Message.location_not_found(hqs)
                geocode(jobs, hqs, i) // hq not found, run the geocoder to find it's coordinates and add it
            } else {
                getJobs(jobs, i + 1) // hq was found, move to the next
            }
        })
    }

    var geocode = function(jobs, location, i) {
        geocoder.geocode(location, function(err, data) {
            if (err) {
                setTimeout(function() {
                    // Further error reporting could occur here. The 
                    Message.geocode_error
                    getJobs(jobs, i)
                }, 2500);
            } else {
                data_posi = data.results[0].geometry.location // Location was found.
                var location_data = new Location({
                    location: location,
                    latitude: data_posi.lat,
                    longitude: data_posi.lng
                })
                location_data.save(function(err, data) {
                    // Save location in
                    if (err) return console.error(err);
                    Message.location_saved(data.location)
                });
                setTimeout(function() {
                    getJobs(jobs, i + 1) // 
                }, 2500);
            }
        })
    }

})