My regular Drupal + Docker + Composer setup

config_apache_vhost.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
  DocumentRoot "/var/www/web"
  ServerName localhost
  ServerAdmin postmaster
  <Directory /var/www/web>
    allow from all
  </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

.env

#echo "UID=`id -u`" > .env

config_php-dev.ini

; Put it in the config dir
log_errors = On
;error_log = /dev/stderr
display_error = On
display_startup_errors = On
error_reporting = E_ALL | E_STRICT

default_charset = "utf-8"

xdebug.remote_enable=1
xdebug.idekey="cap"
;xdebug.remote_connect_back ;;Don't work in docker
xdebug.remote_port=9000

;You need to assing this ip to your loopback device
;ifconfig lo0 alias 10.254.254.254
xdebug.remote_host=10.254.254.254


upload_max_filesize = 100M
post_max_size = 100M

docker-compose.yml

version: '3'
services:
  web:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "8080:80"
    volumes:
      - ./:/var/www
      - ./drush.wrapper:/usr/local/bin/drush
      - ./ssh:/root/.ssh
    links:
      - db:db
    working_dir: /var/www
  db:
    image: "mariadb"
    volumes:
      - ./sql:/var/lib/mysql
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: "root"
    expose:
      - "3306"
    user: "${UID}"
  phpmyadmin:
    image: "phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin"
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: "root"
    links:
      - "db:db"
    ports:
      - "8081:80"

Dockerfile

FROM php:7-apache                                  

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \         
  vim \                                            
  php5-mysql \                                     
  git \                                            
  unzip \                                          
  mysql-client                                     

#Php deps                                          
RUN apt-get install -y \                           
  zlib1g-dev \                                     
  libpng-dev \                                     
  libjpeg62-turbo-dev \                            
  libfreetype6-dev \                               
  libjpeg62-turbo                                  

RUN docker-php-ext-install \                       
  mysqli \                                         
  pdo \                                            
  pdo_mysql \                                      
  zip \                                            
  opcache                                          

RUN docker-php-ext-configure \                     
  gd --with-freetype-dir=/usr/include/ \           
     --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/include/ \               
     && docker-php-ext-install gd                  

RUN pecl install xdebug && \                       
  docker-php-ext-enable xdebug                     

COPY config/php-dev.ini /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/ 
COPY config/apache_vhost.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/                                           
RUN a2dissite 000-default && \                     
  a2ensite apache_vhost                            
RUN usermod -u 1000 www-data && \                  
  a2enmod rewrite headers expires

gitignore

# Ignore directories generated by Composer
/drush/contrib/
/vendor/
/web/core/
/web/modules/contrib/
/web/themes/contrib/
/web/profiles/contrib/
/web/libraries/

# Ignore sensitive information
/web/sites/*/settings.php
/web/sites/*/settings.local.php

# Ignore Drupal's file directory
/web/sites/*/files/

# Ignore SimpleTest multi-site environment.
/web/sites/simpletest

# Ignore files generated by PhpStorm
/.idea/

/.env
/sql