magento-db-dump.sh

(MySQLDUMP_DATABASE=$(sed -n 's/^.*<dbname><!\[CDATA\[\(.*\)\]\]><\/dbname>.*/\1/p' app/etc/local.xml | head -n1) \
&& \
mysqldump -h$(sed -n 's/^.*<host><!\[CDATA\[\(.*\)\]\]><\/host>.*/\1/p' app/etc/local.xml | head -n1) \
 -u$(sed -n 's/^.*<username><!\[CDATA\[\(.*\)\]\]><\/username>.*/\1/p' app/etc/local.xml | head -n1) \
 -p$(sed -n 's/^.*<password><!\[CDATA\[\(.*\)\]\]><\/password>.*/\1/p' app/etc/local.xml | head -n1) \
 $MySQLDUMP_DATABASE \
 --ignore-table=${MySQLDUMP_DATABASE}.core_cache \
 --ignore-table=${MySQLDUMP_DATABASE}.core_cache_tag \
 --ignore-table=${MySQLDUMP_DATABASE}.log_url \
 --ignore-table=${MySQLDUMP_DATABASE}.log_url_info  \
 --ignore-table=${MySQLDUMP_DATABASE}.log_visitor \
 --ignore-table=${MySQLDUMP_DATABASE}.log_visitor_info  \
 --ignore-table=${MySQLDUMP_DATABASE}.log_customer \
 --ignore-table=${MySQLDUMP_DATABASE}.log_quote \
 --ignore-table=${MySQLDUMP_DATABASE}.report_event  \
 --ignore-table=${MySQLDUMP_DATABASE}.report_viewed_product_index \
 --ignore-table=${MySQLDUMP_DATABASE}.index_event \
 --ignore-table=${MySQLDUMP_DATABASE}.index_process_event  \
 --ignore-table=${MySQLDUMP_DATABASE}.dataflow_batch_export  \
 --ignore-table=${MySQLDUMP_DATABASE}.dataflow_batch_import \
&& \
mysqldump -h$(sed -n 's/^.*<host><!\[CDATA\[\(.*\)\]\]><\/host>.*/\1/p' app/etc/local.xml | head -n1) \
 -u$(sed -n 's/^.*<username><!\[CDATA\[\(.*\)\]\]><\/username>.*/\1/p' app/etc/local.xml | head -n1) \
 -p$(sed -n 's/^.*<password><!\[CDATA\[\(.*\)\]\]><\/password>.*/\1/p' app/etc/local.xml | head -n1) \
 $MySQLDUMP_DATABASE \
 --no-data \
 core_cache core_cache_tag \
 log_url log_url_info log_visitor log_visitor_info log_customer log_quote \
 report_event report_viewed_product_index \
 index_event index_process_event \
 dataflow_batch_export dataflow_batch_import \
) | gzip -c > ${PWD##*/}_$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S).sql.gz

Of course you can also use the great n98-magerun.phar:
n98-magerun.phar db:dump -cgzip --strip="@development" (includes stripping customer and sales data)

Most ideal for dev to dev dump:
n98-magerun.phar db:dump -cgzip --strip="@stripped catalogsearch_* core_cache* index*event"

For enterprise, add enterprise_logging_event* (excluding enterprise_logging_event and enterprise_logging_event_changes tables)