mel grammar n stuff.txt

LEXICON:

adzena                  countryside
amitzi                  girl
aundra                  (relative clause marker) that
Chyahal                 (proper noun - [ˈcçaxal], takes athematic declension)
čála                    old
či                      weak
Fadechyu                (proper noun - [faˈdɛcçu], takes -u declension)
Foilesil                (proper noun - [foɪˈlɛsil], takes athematic declension)
gratitza                fight
Hoy                     (proper noun - [xoɪ], takes athematic declension)
Hoidol                  (proper noun - [ˈxoɪdol])
ikurine-                to sleep
im-                     to be (impersonal form)
in-                     to be (note, can be dropped in present tense)
ivu-                    down
izmen                   to become
kair                    leader
kivitza                 letter
los                     (optative marker)
lŭma                    yet
ma                      however
má                      and
manyc-                  to be stupid, (in passive) to become confused
mind-                   to send
mulim                   Once...
nei                     not
nevtr-                  to name
nyiprkviškalyara        a young child (F)
prg-                    to be sick
sá                      thus
sa                      3SG.F.NOM
sie                     3SG.M.ACC
še-                     that (demonstrative)
sevi                    3SG.M.INST
sik-                    to obey
suv-                    to say
talas-                  to marry
Tobohvil                (proper noun - [toˈboxvil], takes athematic declension)
tzal-                   to capture
val-                    to see
valit-                  to go towards
velaya                  woman
vesulu                  word
vue                     after
vyain                   1SG.ACC.REFL
yaru                    different

GRAMMAR:

Word order is generally SOV, adjectives/genitives follow nouns.

Noun Declensions:

-a declension   Singular        Plural
Nominative      Sevel-a         Sevel-aia
Genitive        Sevel-ai        Sevel-ina
Possessive      Sevel-až        Sevel-aža
Dative          Sevel-an        Sevel-ana
Accusative      Sevel-ya*       Sevel-yai*
Ablative        Sevel-ŭi        Sevel-ŭiu
Locative        Sevel-im        Sevel-ima
Instrumental    Sevel-ami       Sevel-amia
Vocative        Sevel-á         Sevel-áia

-u declension   Singular        Plural
Nominative      Hasid-u         Hasid-eiu
Genitive        Hasid-ŭi        Hasid-inu
Possessive      Hasid-iž        Hasid-ižu
Dative          Hasid-un        Hasid-unu
Accusative      Hasid-yu*       Hasid-yui*
Ablative        Hasid-ei        Hasid-eie
Locative        Hasid-im        Hasid-imu
Instrumental    Hasid-uli       Hasid-uliu
Vocative        Hasid-u         Hasid-uiu

-i declension   Singular        Plural
Nominative      Hyal-i          Hyal-iyi
Genitive        Hyal-ai         Hyal-ina
Possessive      Hyal-iž         Hyal-iži
Dative          Hyal-in         Hyal-eni
Accusative      Hyal-yi         Hyal-yilli
Ablative        Hyal-ei         Hyal-eie
Locative        Hyal-im         Hyal-imi
Instrumental    Hyal-ira        Hyal-iria
Vocative        Hyal-i          Hyal-iyi

Athematic       Singular        Plural
Nominative      Ivin            Ivin-eie
Genitive        Ivin-ai         Ivin-ine
Possessive      Ivin-iž         Ivin-iži
Dative          Ivin-en         Ivin-ene
Accusative      Ivin-ye*        Ivin-yei*
Ablative        Ivin-ei         Ivin-aiu
Locative        Ivin-im         Ivin-ime
Instrumental    Ivin-elli       Ivin-ellia
Vocative        Ivin-ine                Ivin-inya
* Accusatives essentially involve palatalization, so with stems ending with an already palatal consonant, accusatives geminate.

Definiteness is marked by word final -s

Comparative: -[thematic vowel]r[case ending] (ex. amrna-r-ami "savory-er-INST - by that which is more savory"), for athematic it simply adds /r/ to the end.

Verbs:

Active:
        Present         Progressive     Simple Past     Future
1 S     Izmen-á         Izmen-in-á      Izmen-aŭ        Izmen-ana
2 S     Izmen-ŭ         Izmen-in-ŭ      Izmen-u         Izmen-una
3 S     Izmen-é         Izmen-in-é      Izmen-eu        Izmen-ena
1 Pl    Izmen-áie       Izmen-in-áie    Izmen-aiu       Izmen-aina
2 Pl    Izmen-ŭie       Izmen-in-ŭie    Izmen-uiu       Izmen-uina
3 Pl    Izmen-éie       Izmen-in-éie    Izmen-éiu       Izmen-eina

Passive:
        Present         Past
1 S     Melvan-e        Melvan-ei
2 S     Melvan-ĭ        Melvan-iyi
3 S     Melvan-o        Melvan-oi
1 Pl    Melvan-elle     Melvan-elli
2 Pl    Melvan-ĭlle     Melvan-illi
3 Pl    Melvan-olle     Melvan-olli

Az(i)- prefix for gnomic aspect or stating a fact
-an- goes between the root and ending for subjunctive mood, -ain- for progressive subjunctive.
-ar- marks a passive past participle, takes on an agreeing case marker