base.h

#ifndef BASE_H
#define BASE_H

#include "factory.h"

class Base
{
public:
	template<class BaseOrDerived>
	Base(Factory<BaseOrDerived>* f)
		: f_(f)
	{ }

private:
	const Factory<Base>* f_;
};

#endif // BASE_H

derived1.h

#ifndef DERIVED1_H
#define DERIVED1_H

#include "base.h"

class Derived1 : public Base
{
public:
	Derived1(Factory<Derived1>* f) : Base(f) { }
};

#endif // DERIVED1_H

factory.h

#ifndef FACTORY_H
#define FACTORY_H

template <class BaseOrAnyDerived>
class Factory
{
public:
	BaseOrAnyDerived create()
	{
		return BaseOrAnyDerived(this);
	}
};

#endif // FACTORY_H

main.cpp

#include "base.h"
#include "derived1.h"
#include "factory.h"

int main()
{
	Factory<Base>().create();
	Factory<Derived1>().create();
	return 0;
}